Abstract
With the construction and development of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), the precise point positioning (PPP) performance of the BDS is worthy of research. In this study, observational data from 17 stations around the world across 20 days are used to comprehensively evaluate the PPP performance of BDS B1c/B2a signals. For greater understanding, the results are also compared with the Global Positioning System (GPS) and BDS PPP performance of different signals and system combinations. The evaluation found root mean square (RMS) values of the static PPP in the north (N), east (E), and upward (U) components, based on the B1c/B2a frequency of BDS-3, to be 6.9 mm, 4.7 mm, and 26.6 mm, respectively. Similar to the static positioning, the RMS values of kinematic PPP in the three directions of N, E, and U are 2.6 cm, 6.0 cm, and 8.5 cm, respectively. Besides this, the static PPP of BDS-3 (B1cB2a) and BDS-2 + BDS-3 (B1IB3I) have obvious system bias. Compared with static PPP, kinematic PPP is more sensitive to the number of satellites, and the coordinate accuracy in three dimensions can be increased by 27% with the combination of GPS (L1L2) and BDS. Compared with BDS-2+BDS-3 (B1IB3I), the convergence time of BDS-3 (B1CB2a) performs better in both static and kinematic modes. The antenna model does not show a significant difference in terms of the effect of the convergence speed, though the number of satellites observed has a certain influence on the convergence time.
Highlights
The antenna model does not show a significant difference in terms of the effect of the convergence speed, though the number of satellites observed has a certain influence on the convergence time
In terms of signal design, B1C signals are compatible with Global Positioning System (GPS) L1C and Galileo E1 signals, while B2a signals are compatible with GPS L5C and Galileo E5a signals
precise point positioning (PPP) models of BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) and Galileo, and the results show that quad-frequency PPP generates a significant improvement when compared with single-frequency
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Jin et al [35] used BDS B1I, B3I, B1C, and B2a to evaluate the performance of the BeiDou PPP model of a single frequency, dual frequency, triple frequency, and quad frequency, with theoretical comparison of the models, positioning performances, precise time transfer, zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD), inter-frequency bias (IFB), and differential code bias (DCB), but the station was only analyzed on one day. Evaluation of the new signals (B1C/B2a) can expand our understanding of the performance of BDS-3 (B1C/B2a) PPP in the global range, providing a basis for the subsequent combination of three-frequency or four-frequency positioning, thereby increasing the effect of global positioning. Twenty days of observation data from 17 stations distributed around the world are used to analyze the positioning accuracy and convergence performance of kinematic and static PPP. The PPP performances of GPS, BDS-2 + 3 (B1IB3I), GPS + BDS-3 (B1cB2a), and GPS+BDS-2 + 3 (B1IB3I) are compared
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