Performance Evaluation of Pavement Characteristics Using Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Latex as Bitumen Substitute

Demolition of any structure is costly, and simultaneously there is non-accessibility of land or disposal sites in nearby areas. Recycling such demolished concrete material and converting it into an appropriate size of aggregates can be further used for the following construction cycle. Prior exploration showed utilization of Steel Fibers (SF) and Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) latex in Recycled Concrete (RC) independently for various strength and durability improvements. This experimental work cast RC as M25 & M40 grade to satisfy reinforced concrete and rigid concrete pavement concrete demand. Total 132 cubes, 198 cylinders, and 198 beams of Normal Concrete (NC), RC, and RC reinforced by SF with SBR latex cast and termed as Polymer Modified Steel Fiber Reinforced Recycled Concrete (PMSFRRC). The objective was to evaluate the properties due to SF and SBR latex blending and obtaining the optimum dosages of SF and SBR latex. A strength and durability study was carried out to find out cube compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, flexural strength, chloride attack, and sulfate attack. The concrete was modified with the SBR latex dosage range of 2.5% –7.5% by cement weight. SF was added as 0.5% – 1.5% by concrete mix volume at the average length of 25 mm and 0.5 mm in diameter. Experimental findings of PMSFRRC for grade M25 with SF 1% volume fraction of concrete and SBR latex 5% of cement weight improve NC in indirect tensile strength by 9.93% and 8.58%, flexural strength by 10.01% and 8.99% at 28 and 91 days, respectively. Similarly, there was an enhancement in indirect tensile strength by 13.18 % and 11.11 % and flexural strength by 12.88 % and 10.78 % at 28 and 91 days, respectively, for PMSFRRC of grade M40 compared to NC. Durability analysis shows that a combined dosage of SF 1.5% volume of concrete mix and SBR latex 7.5% of cement weight seemed to be excellent concrete additives for good resistance to acid and sulfate attack for both mixtures. The results exhibited improved hardened properties of modified concrete due to the combined addition of SF and SBR latex, improved cracking resistance, flexure resistance, and reduced acid and sulfate attack rate into the specimens. The study also demonstrated an effective way of preparing sustainable concrete with SF and SBR latex to improve strength and durability.

Workability, strength, and durability of concrete containing recycled plastic fibers and styrene-butadiene rubber latex

Study on the properties and microstructure of polymer modified waste printed circuit board cement-based materials

ABSTRACTDue to increasing use of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex in the preparation of polymer-modified bitumen emulsions (PMBE) to improve bitumen-aggregate adhesion of chip seal surface treatments and lack of scientific data on the effect of SBR micro-structure on the performance of the resulting treatment at low temperatures, the Vialit test was conducted. The conventional tests showed that addition of SBR and X-SBR to PMBE reduces bituminous residue (BR) penetration and enhances its penetration index (PI) and softening point. Also, addition of linear SBR latex to bitumen results in an increase in BR ductility and recovery at low temperatures. Meanwhile, addition of the branched carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (X-SBR) latex reduces ductility of the corresponding BR. The effect of the performance of bitumen emulsions on aggregate bitumen adhesion in chip seals was investigated using Vialit test. It was found that an increase in SBR latex content in bitumen emulsion leads to an increased aggregate retention; this effect is more pronounced at low temperatures. Comparatively, the addition of X-SBR latex results in a lower bitumen-aggregate adhesion at low temperatures.

This study investigated three types of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar (FAG) modified with polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) or styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex, where the influence of PVA fibers and SBR latex on the mechanical properties and durability of FAG were studied. The sample performance was subsequently interpreted by characterizing the microstructures of modified FAG samples via the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where the internal structural stress and modification mechanisms were clarified by microstructural analysis. The results showed that the incorporation of PVA fibers mainly promotes the mechanical properties of the samples, especially the early flexural strength, and alleviates their dry shrinkage. However, adding SBR latex to the geopolymer mortar damages the compressive strength and increases the dry shrinkage of samples while improving their freeze-thaw resistance and 28-day flexural strength. The results also show that FAGs have great sulfate resistance. Microstructural analysis reveals that while the dehydrated SBR latex is capable of forming a continuous porous film structure, the fibers also facilitate the formation of a three-dimensional network structure between the dense FAG gels; thus, a more stable geopolymer structure is formed, resulting in an improvement in the toughness and durability of the samples. Furthermore, the SBR latex promotes tight connections between the fibers and geopolymer matrix so that the bond strength between the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is greatly enhanced.

Based on its geographical location, Indonesia is a country with high annual rainfall that causes the country to face a number of environmental problems, especially in urban areas. Reduced catchment areas due to changes in land use into residential and industrial areas, causing surface runoff problems and groundwater level declines. The use of pervious concrete as an alternative to environmentally friendly pavement can overcome these environmental issues. Nevertheless, pervious concrete has low strength due to weak bonding between aggregates as pervious concrete uses little or no fine aggregate so that it is only fastened by paste and produces voids between aggregate. Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex was proposed in this study to improve bonding between aggregates and increase the strength of pervious concrete. 0%, 5% and 10% SBR latex by weight of cement were added in pervious concrete mixture to investigate the effect of SBR latex to the strength and permeability performance of pervious concrete to drain stormwater into the soil. Recycled coarse aggregate also used in the experiment to promote sustainable construction. The results showed that SBR latex increased the compressive strength of pervious concrete. However, the use of SBR latex also decreased the void ratio and permeability of pervious concrete

The effect of styrene-butadiene rubber modification on the properties of asphalt binders: Aging and restoring

It is most effective to reduce floor impact noise as close to the sound source as possible. In apartments, there are multiple layers in the floor system, from floor finishing to the structural concrete slab. Apart from the floor finishing, mortar lies at the top layer of the floor system, followed by autoclaved lightweight concrete, insulation, and the concrete slab. The present study aims to identify the reduction characteristics of light and heavy floor impact noises by changing the glass transition temperature of an SBR (styrene–butadiene rubber) latex mortar. To achieve this, structural tests were undertaken to find the appropriate mix proportions of SBR latex in the mortar, meeting the glass transition temperature based on the physical test results regarding the latex mortar. As seen in the study method and process, because this study aimed to both increase and decrease the strength compared to general mortar, a 7% mixture ratio of Tg 4 °C SBR latex was decided upon for the strength increase, while a 5% mixture ratio of Tg −16 °C SBR latex was chosen for the strength reduction. A mock-up specimen was created using the SBR latex-modified mortar according to the identified mix proportions, and the characteristics of light- and heavy-weight floor impact noises of the SBR latex-modified mortar were then examined. Comprehensive analysis of the reduction performance of the floor impact noise revealed that the Tg −16 °C SBR latex-mixed mortar showed a reduction effect of about 2–5 dB for light-weight impact noise and about 7–10 dB for heavy-weight impact noise.

7 - Latex Coatings

The efficient dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a challenging task in reaching the usable nanocomposites. In this study, a comparative analysis on dispersion of multiwalled CNTs multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex was carried out by using two anionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium lauryl sulfate. The MWNTs were first predispersed in distilled water using two surfactants individually followed by gentle mixing the MWNT predispersion into SBR latex. By using the technique of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, the study on MWNT dispersion in aqueous media was focused on surfactant concentration, MWNT functionality, and ultrasonication time. The ultraviolet-visible absorptions showed the positive effect of MWNT functionality in addition to surfactant concentration with no great effect of ultrasonication time over 15 min. In comparison with sodium lauryl sulfate, the existing benzene ring in the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate structure seems to result in higher adsorption of surfactant onto the MWNTs surface and, hence, better MWNT dispersion. The MWNT dispersion was further improved by using hydroxyl functionalized MWNTs mainly because of the formation of hydrogen bonding between the hydrophilic head of surfactant and the existing hydroxyl group of the functionalized MWNTs. After mixing the MWNT predispersion into SBR latex, the dispersion of MWNTs was further characterized by using electrical volume conductivity, microscopy technique, and rheological measurements. In rheometry tests of the lattices, the storage modulus at terminal zone was utilized for tracking the degree of MWNT dispersion in the nanocomposite. The pictures of scanning electron microscopy showed the efficiency of MWNT functionality in enhancing the degree of dispersion. In conductivity tests, the percolation threshold was obtained at about 1 part by weight per hundred parts of resin of the functionalized MWNT in dried film. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

To reduce the demand on new asphalt and aggregates, more attention has been paid to increasing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents used in asphalt paving mixtures. However, Chinese transportation departments are reluctant to use high RAP contents in practice, partially because of the performance of high RAP mixtures, its possible effectiveness, and potential rutting problems caused by asphalt rejuvenators. An investigation was done of the effect of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex and a warm-mix asphalt (WMA) agent on RAP mixes. The objective was to produce mixtures with high RAP content that demonstrate similar or better pavement performance than the conventional hot-mix asphalt. In this study, different laboratory tests were conducted on high RAP mixtures with a rejuvenator, SBR latex, and a WMA agent. The results illustrated that the asphalt rejuvenator partly recovers the RAP binder performance and has a negative effect on the rutting performance of mixtures, while SBR latex can improve both high-temperature and low-temperature performance with the rejuvenator. Using the WMA agent can satisfy the specifications and production tolerances of volumetric properties for high RAP mixes. Finally, it is found that the mixture with 50% RAP and SBR latex can supply a better fatigue performance, low-temperature performance, and moisture-resistant performance than the conventional hot-mix asphalt mixture.

Performances of UHPC bonded cementitious composite systems containing styrene-butadiene rubber latex in a chloride-rich environment

Effect of addition of nanoclay and SBR latex on fly ash-slag geopolymer mortar

Effect of styrene-butadiene rubber latex on the rheological behavior and pore structure of cement paste

The increased early hydration rate of high early strength cement has economic advantages in many civil engineering fields (faster formwork removal or earlier demoulding of precast elements). Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex is the most common polymer in aqueous dispersions suitable for admixing in cement-based materials. It allows the designing of structures with specific properties for a variety of applications. The analysis of literature sources has shown that different properties of SBR latex-modified cement-based material samples reported were usually measured at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of hardening. In this research, the authors decided to investigate a combined effect of high early strength Portland cement, characterized by an increased hydration rate, and SBR latex able to retard this process for a prolonged hardening period-up to 90 days in modified mortar samples. This study covers the results of the effect of different amounts of SBR latex (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the properties of modified mortar samples with a constant water-to-cement ratio prepared with high early strength Portland cement 42.5 R. The mortar samples were prepared from local raw materials produced by the Lithuanian companies. The properties, such as dry bulk density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, capillary water absorption, compressive and flexural strengths, and toughness, after three different hardening periods (7, 28, and 90 days) of the mortar samples were investigated. The applied mathematical-statistical methods allowed a detailed prognosis of the dependence between the dry bulk density and the strength properties of modified mortar samples. The combination of 42.5 R strength class Portland cement with the SBR latex in amounts ranging from 5% to 20% seems to be suitable for designing durable structures with specific properties.