Abstract
Hot rolling tests of a low-alloy steel were conducted at a rolling temperature of 850 °C under different lubrication conditions, including benchmarks (dry condition and water) and water-based nanolubricants containing different concentrations of nano-TiO2 from 1.0 to 8.0 wt%. The effects of nanolubricants on rolling force, surface roughness, thickness of oxide scale, and microstructure were systematically investigated through varying nano-TiO2 concentrations. The results show that the application of nanolubricants can decrease the rolling force, surface roughness and oxide scale thickness of rolled steels, and refine ferrite grains. In particular, the nanolubricant containing an optimal concentration (4.0 wt%) of nano-TiO2 demonstrates the best lubrication performance, owing to the synergistic effect of lubricating film, rolling, polishing, and mending generated by nano-TiO2.
Highlights
With a growing number of concerns about energy crisis and environmental pollution in modern society, “Green Manufacturing” or “Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing” and its sustainable development are becoming increasingly more important in the field of engineering applications [1].Hot steel rolling, one of the most important manufacturing processes, has drawn considerable attention due to its huge energy consumption and pollutant emission
When the concentration of nano-TiO2 exceeds 4.0 wt% to a higher level of 8.0 wt%, instead, the rolling force varies at an opposite trend to present a higher value because of the agglomeration of TiO2 NPs [20,21], which aggravates the friction between the work roll and the workpiece
Concentration, which is consistent of nanolubricants, increases with the increase of nano-TiO2 concentration, which is with the findings reported by other researchers
Summary
With a growing number of concerns about energy crisis and environmental pollution in modern society, “Green Manufacturing” or “Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing” and its sustainable development are becoming increasingly more important in the field of engineering applications [1].Hot steel rolling, one of the most important manufacturing processes, has drawn considerable attention due to its huge energy consumption and pollutant emission. Previous studies have shown that the application of lubricants into hot steel rolling can lower the friction between work roll and workpiece [2,3,4], decrease rolling force [5,6], reduce thickness of oxide scale [6,7,8], increase roll service life [9,10], improve surface quality of rolled products [7,8,10], and refine grains in obtained microstructures [7,8] These reduce energy consumption, increase yield and production efficiency, improve the mechanical properties of rolled steels, and bring about great economic benefits. Matsubara et al [4]
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