Performance Differences Between Sexes in the Pop-Up Phase of Surfing

Abstract

Surfing is a dynamic sport that is multidirectional in nature and requires peak performance in variable ocean conditions. Its growing popularity among the female population has stirred curiosity as to whether women can and will 1 day face their male counterparts in head-to-head competition at the top levels. The purpose of this study was to examine male and female differences in performance of a simulated surfing pop-up movement. Forty recreationally trained surfers (20 men and 20 women) were instructed to lie prone on a force plate, in the pop-up position (similar to a push-up), with only their hands in contact with the plate. A velocity transducer was attached to their back via an adjustable strap around their upper trunk. They completed 3 pop-ups as explosively as possible by pushing forcefully with their hands and jumping to their feet. Absolute and relative force and power were measured. Results demonstrated that men exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) greater relative force (M = 9.56 ± 1.25 N·kg⁻¹, W = 8.15 ± 0.98) and relative power (M = 16.39 ± 4.22 W·kg⁻¹, W = 9.98 ± 2.58) when compared to women. These findings demonstrate that men produce greater force and power than do women even relative to body weight when performing a simulated surfing pop-up movement. It appears that women may be at a disadvantage in regards to peak performance when compared to their male counterparts in the surfing pop-up movement. Therefore, women should train for both maximum and explosive upper-body strength in addition to their time spent surfing.