Abstract
The distributed energy system (DES) has increasingly attracted considerable attention from researchers due to its environmental friendliness and high efficiency. In the hot summer and cold winter areas, DES is an efficient alternative for district cooling and heating. A case study located in Changsha, China, which is a typical hot summer and cold winter area, is analyzed. Four control strategies are proposed in this study. The four cases under different control strategies are compared in terms of energy, economy, environment, solar fraction, and soil annual heat imbalance rate. Results show that the DES can be an energy saving and environmentally friendly alternative. The primary energy saving (PES) is more than 36.70% and can reach up to 48.04%, whereas DES can realize economical operation and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and dust. In addition, DES consumes more electricity and less natural gas than the conventional energy system. These features are beneficial to the optimization of China’s energy consumption structure. Moreover, the operation of seasonal thermal storage for the ground soil is effective in maintaining the balance of soil annual heat. The control strategy combining geothermal and solar energies is recommended due to its good performance and high flexibility. This study may provide guidance in the development of DESs in hot summer and cold winter climate zones.
Highlights
With increasing environmental pressures and the development of renewable energy technology, many countries are attempting to adjust their energy structures and reduce their dependence on traditional fossil energy [1]
Performance based on several evaluation indicators such as energy consumption, primary energy saving (PES), operation cost, and analysis is conducted considering energy, economy, and environment based on several evaluation emission reduction, and the results of which are compared with respect to a conventional indicators such as energy consumption, PES, operation cost, and emission reduction, and the results of energy system
The performance of distributed energy system (DES) with a solar collecting system coupled with a geothermal heat pump system applied an existing indoor swimming pool located in Changsha, Southeast
Summary
With increasing environmental pressures and the development of renewable energy technology, many countries are attempting to adjust their energy structures and reduce their dependence on traditional fossil energy [1]. DES can efficiently integrate with renewable and primary energies and is a feasible and environmentally friendly alternative [5,6]. DESs using clean and renewable energy can Energies 2019, 12, 4613; doi:10.3390/en12244613 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies. The utilization of renewable energy in buildings is an effective step towards increasing energy efficient buildings in China [9]. In this context, DES using geothermal and solar energies for an indoor swimming pool is proposed and investigated
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