Performance and mechanic insights into potassium-oxygen co-doping graphic carbon nitride for UV photocatalytic oxidation of carbamazepine

Abstract

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has good prospect in the field of photocatalysis, but its small specific surface area and low photogenerated carrier separation efficiency limit the large-scale application in photocatalytic wastewater treatment. In this study, the one-step thermal polymerization method was employed to synthesize potassium and oxygen co-doped g-C3N4 (OCN-3), which was used in photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ). Compared with the original g-C3N4, the pseudo first-order kinetic constant of CBZ degradation by OCN-3 was increased from 0.00820 min−1 to 0.17529 min−1 under UV irradiation. The results of competitive oxidation kinetics experiment demonstrated that ·OH played a main role in CBZ degradation. The photoelectric experiments and calculation based on density functional theory revealed that potassium and oxygen atoms can not only regulate the local electron density, but also reduce the band gap width and promote electron transfer as well as photogenerated carrier separation. Furthermore, OCN-3 was loaded on carbon cloth to prepare supported photocatalyst, which can be conveniently applied in continuous wastewater treatment reactor, and the results shows that the degradation efficiency of CBZ remains over 90% within 600 min continuous operation when the hydraulic retention time was 1.25 h.