Abstract
BackgroundThe utilization parameters of Marshall broiler fed fungi treated cocoa pod husk meal (FTCPHM) with respect to growth performance and health implication were evaluated. Four diets were formulated using FTCPHM at 0, 5, 10 and 15% inclusion levels and designated as T1. T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Ninety-Six day old Marshall broiler comprising 24 birds per treatment with eight birds serving as a replicate in a Completely Randomized design (CRD).ResultsIt was revealed that T1, T2 and T3 utilized their diets for total weight gain, feed conversion ratio and lowest mortality compared to T4. The live weight, head, breast and shank were the only parameters that showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in the carcass measurement with highest values observed in T2 (1.92 kg), T1 (30.30 g/kg), T1 (213.49 g/kg) and T4 (46.74 g/kg) respectively. While only the relative organ weight of the liver and pancreas were significantly (P < 0.05) affected. All parameters of the hematology were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the diet except White blood cell. Consequently, the serum biochemical indices were also significant (P < 0.05) in high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, albumin and globulin.ConclusionIt was therefore concluded that inclusion of above 10% FTCPHM may have an adverse effect on the performance and health of the birds.
Highlights
The animal protein intake of an average individual in most African and Pacific countries falls between 8 and 15 g per day (Ogunsipe et al 2017), which is far below 65 g per day; of this, 36 g (i.e. 55.3%) should come from animal sources recommended by FAO (2008)
Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in total feed intake (TFI), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality
Based on the result of findings of the current study, the inclusion of fungi treated cocoa pod husk meal (FTCPHM) above 10% could impair the performance of broilers as significant differences was observed in Total Weight Gain (TWG), average daily weight gain (ADWG) and FCR and mortality which is in agreement with Teguia et al (2004) who reported that 10% substitution of cocoa husk in replacement for maize showed significantly faster growth than control and birds fed above 20% and when compared with the control birds recorded lower body weight and poor efficiency of feed utilization
Summary
The animal protein intake of an average individual in most African and Pacific countries falls between 8 and 15 g per day (Ogunsipe et al 2017), which is far below 65 g per day; of this, 36 g (i.e. 55.3%) should come from animal sources recommended by FAO (2008) This could partly be as a result of high cost of finished feed due to increase in the price of conventional feed ingredients and consequent rise in the cost of animal protein beyond the purchasing power of most people in these regions (Oloruntola et al 2016a). Nutritional value of cocoa pod is relatively low as it is low in crude protein (9.14%) and high crude fiber (35.78%) It contains anti-nutrients such as theobromine (2.64%), caffeine (1.14%) and tannin 0.917%) (Adeyeye et al 2016). Ninety-Six day old Marshall broiler comprising 24 birds per treatment with eight birds serving as a replicate in a Completely Randomized design (CRD)
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