Abstract
This paper provides detailed analysis and performance evaluation of the holographic array processing (HAP) algorithm. The HAP is a source localization method that is based on medium calibration. Conventional array processing algorithms, such as matched-field processing (MFP), require precise knowledge of the medium between the source and the receiving array, but the HAP method relaxes this stiff requirement. It calibrates the integrated effect of a great portion of the medium, and geoacoustic parameter estimation is needed only for a small portion of the ocean between the unknown source and the virtual array. The virtual array is constructed by moving a reference source to incremental depths of the water column near the target. Theoretical analysis is provided using the WKB approximation for a range dependent ocean. The numerical simulation is performed using a high-order parabolic equation (PE) code for a range-dependent analytical sound-speed profile (SSP), and measured sound-speed data from the North Pacific ocean. The results of the analysis and simulation show the possibility of localizing a source at large distance with great accuracy.
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