Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque deposit in the carotid artery is used as an early estimate to identify the presence of cardiovascular diseases. Ultrasound images of the carotid artery are used to provide the extent of stenosis by examining the intima-media thickness and plaque diameter. A total of 361 images were classified using machine learning and deep learning approaches to recognize whether the person is symptomatic or asymptomatic. CART decision tree, random forest, and logistic regression machine learning algorithms, convolutional neural network (CNN), Mobilenet, and Capsulenet deep learning algorithms were applied in 202 normal images and 159 images with carotid plaque. Random forest provided a competitive accuracy of 91.41% and Capsulenet transfer learning approach gave 96.7% accuracy in classifying the carotid artery ultrasound image database.
Highlights
Every year, in India, 26% of people die due to cardiovascular diseases, stroke because of artery stenosis is 75%, and heart attack is 42%
The common cause of stroke is the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery that can grow large enough to block blood flow leading to stenosis or rupture causing clots in the artery
The selected features are given as input to the machine learning classification algorithms, Classification and regression tree (CART) decision tree, random forest, and logistic regression
Summary
In India, 26% of people die due to cardiovascular diseases, stroke because of artery stenosis is 75%, and heart attack is 42%. In the United States, one of the 19 deaths is due to stroke (Farah, 2018). Risk factors that may lead to stroke are physical inactivity, being obese, heavy drinking, use of illegal drugs, family history having a stroke and other cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking. The common cause of stroke is the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery that can grow large enough to block blood flow leading to stenosis or rupture causing clots in the artery. Progressive intimal accumulation of protein, lipid, and cholesterol makes mediumand large-sized arteries, causing atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis may be existing in body parts, such as infernal aorta, coronary artery, superficial femoral artery, and the common carotid artery
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