Percutaneous Endoscopic Debridement and Drainage with Four Different Approach Methods for the Treatment of Spinal Infection

Abstract

Background: The incidence of spinal infection seems to be increasing in recent years. Percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage (PEDD) has become an effective alternative to extensive open surgery. Objective: This study reviewed the charter of patients who received PEDD using 4 different approach methods to evaluate the clinical results. Study Design: An Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved retrospective chart review. Setting: University hospital inpatient referred to our pain clinic. Methods: A retrospective patient chart analysis of PEDD procedures in spinal infections over a 7-year period was done for the evaluation of structural location, symptoms and signs, etiologic agents, and outcomes. Results: Seventeen patients (11 men and 6 women, mean age 70.4 ± 11.1 years) with spinal infections received PEDD. According to the structural localization of the spinal infections, 6 cases of spondylodiscitis alone, 5 cases of spondylodiscitis with a psoas abscess, one case of spondylodiscitis with an epidural abscess, 4 cases of spondylodiscitis with epidural and psoas abscesses, and one case of spondylodiscitis with a facet joint abscess were found. All patients had preoperative symptoms of unremitting backache and febrile sensation, and signs of paravertebral muscle tenderness and limitation of spine motion. The most common etiologic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus. Most patients (14/17) improved; the 2 failed patients received a second PEDD after recurrence, and the other received open surgery without re-PEDD. Both the numeric rating scale and Oswestry disability index scores were significantly reduced after PEDD. No complications related to PEDD were found. Limitation: This study is limited by its retrospective design. Conclusions: PEDD using 4 different routes brought immediate pain relief and reduced disability in treating spinal infections, especially in elderly patients with comorbid underlying disorders.