Perceptions of public health consequences of marijuana legalization

Abstract

Background As cannabis policy is rapidly evolving and support for marijuana legalization is increasing, understanding of the public’s perception of cannabis and its associated risks is important for prevention efforts. Method Adults in Michigan (n = 2,189) were recruited to complete a web-based survey focused on attitudes toward marijuana (August–September 2016). Participants were recruited through online and email advertisements from community-based agencies and a statewide advocacy coalition. Measures were adapted from previous public opinion research with input from advocacy coalition members. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess public perceptions of cannabis potency and the perceived impact of marijuana legalization on road safety, employee safety, and emergency department (ED) visits. Independent variables included demographics, political orientation, and marijuana-related variables (marijuana use, attitude toward marijuana legalization). Results Respondents ranged in age from 18 to 88 years (mean = 45.5 years) and were 72% female. Most adults (79.7%) were aware that marijuana is more potent today compared to the past. Over half of adults felt marijuana legalization would negatively affect road safety (55.5%), employee safety (58.8%), and lead to an increase in ED visits (62.8%). Differences in attitudes were found based on demographics (age, gender, race, and education), marijuana use, and attitudes toward legalization. Conclusions Although most adults recognize potential public health risks associated with cannabis legalization, a sizable minority of adults do not feel marijuana legalization will have negative public health consequences. As more states legalize, prevention efforts may be needed to reduce negative public health consequences associated with cannabis use.