Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Pharmaceutical Industry after COVID-19 and Implications for Health-Conscious Tourism

The dark triad, composed of Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism, refers to negative personality traits, which may influence business processes. While negative traits could be an important factor explaining the relationship between a CEO’s immoral and unethical behavior and corporate social responsibility (CSR), there has been minimal research focusing on this relationship. This paper thus attempts to investigate how a CEO exhibiting these negative traits affects CSR, and if an employee’s perception of ethics and social responsibility would mediate the relationship. In addition, this paper considers the moderating effects of an individual performance-based compensation system (IPBCS) between employee’s CSR perception and CSR activities. The data are collected through a survey conducted on 165 employees (companies) in twelve industries. The regression result indicates an inverse relationship between the negative traits of a CEO and an employee’s perception of ethics and social responsibility and CSR activities, and the mediating effect of the perception in the relationship between the negative traits and CSR activities. It also indicates that an IPBCS moderates the relationship between CSR perception and activities. Implications for the study, future research directions, and management approach are discussed.

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Perception on Tourism Students’ Intention to Work in Sector

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze how hospitality industry employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and participation in CSR activities influence their well-being and loyalty boosterism.Design/methodology/approachUsing the positive psychology approach of well-being (hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions) and the affect theory of social exchange, a survey of hospitality employees was conducted to test the theoretical model.FindingsEmployees’ perceptions of CSR significantly influenced their participation in CSR activities. CSR participation positively influenced employees’ hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, which in turn influenced their loyalty boosterism. The mediation effects of well-being and the sequential mediation effects of CSR activity participation and well-being were also significant in the relationships mentioned above.Research limitations/implicationsWhile panel data offer many advantages, they also have limitations. The authors, therefore, suggest future studies replicate their conceptual model and empirically test it through firms well known for their CSR. In addition, future studies may cover the whole hospitality industry to enhance generalizability.Practical implicationsBy exploring the connection between employees’ CSR perceptions and participation, this research can help hospitality practitioners develop more engaging CSR strategies and activities, which in turn can foster employees’ well-being and enhance their loyalty boosterism.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to empirically demonstrate the effect of CSR in both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being and to explore the connection between employee perceptions of CSR and participation in CSR activities.

PurposeWhile some work on how employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect behavioral outcomes has been examined, less work simultaneously investigates whether employee perceptions of internal and external CSR influence the behavioral outcomes of incumbent employees working in organizations. The purpose of this paper is to draw on social exchange theory arguments to investigate the direct and indirect effects of internal and external CSR practices on employee organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and intention to quit.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study was conducted among 664 employees working in the banking sector in Kuwait. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to test the suggested hypotheses.FindingsThe results reveal that both internal and external CSR activities are positively related to OCB and OCB is negatively associated with intention to quit. Results also show that distributive justice moderates the relationship between OCB and intention to quit.Practical implicationsThese findings extend the literature on CSR and demonstrate that organizations engaged in CSR activities (internal and external) can enhance citizenship behaviors among employees and thereby increase retention rates.Originality/valueThis research demonstrates the importance of CSR activities in tax-free countries, particularly, in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Since employees in GCC countries are increasingly concerned about the CSR behaviors of organizations, CSR activities can allow local organizations to signal that they are good corporate citizens. Hence, CSR could be considered as a particularly critical source of competitive advantage for businesses in the region.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of employees’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions on their turnover intentions. It strives to understand the underlying psychological mechanisms by proposing and testing mediation and moderation hypotheses. Specifically, employee engagement was examined as mediator and gender, belief in the importance of CSR and CSR awareness were examined as moderators of the proposed relationship between CSR and turnover intentions.Design/methodology/approachThe target population for the study consisted of junior, middle and senior business professionals from both public and private sector manufacturing and service firms operating in India. The data were collected with the help of self-administered questionnaires via both personal visits to the organizations and internet-based questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses.FindingsThe study results suggest a significant influence of employees’ CSR perceptions on their turnover intentions. Additionally, the study delineates the role of employee engagement in understanding the potential of a firm’s involvement in CSR activities in influencing employee attitudes and behaviour at work. Interestingly, significant gender variations were observed in the proposed set of relationships. Belief in the importance of CSR and CSR awareness were also found to significantly moderate the relationship between CSR and turnover intentions.Practical implicationsBy providing persuasive evidence on tangible business benefits of CSR initiatives, this study addresses the concerns of corporate managers to prove the business potential and value engendered by their CSR efforts.Originality/valueThe study makes a novel contribution by not only examining the direct association between the CSR and turnover intentions, but also by going a step ahead to unfurl the underlying psychological mechanisms for better understanding of the relationships.

The present study aims to explore the influences of employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on their satisfaction in different sectors. The results of the literature review show that there are three components in employees’ perceptions of CSR, including Philanthropic CSR, Ethical CSR, and Environmental CSR; and it is impacted by Perceived CSR capability, Ethical program, and Perceived fit between corporate culture and CSR activities. The research findings have confirmed the proposed hypotheses; and it is obvious that Employees’ perceptions of CSR have a significant impact on Employees’ satisfaction. From the research findings, there are some crucial points to note. Firstly, firms should design their own ethical programs. Secondly, firms should communicate their CSR practices to improve employees’ perceived CSR capabilities. These points are quite important to increase employee satisfaction.

By analyzing the development of social responsibility understanding, this work applies to the health sector with the participation of health workers in order to demonstrate the perception of corporate social responsibility. Within the scope of this study; to measure nurses' perceptions of social responsibility and to analyze the interaction between perception and demographic characteristics; Surveys including demographic statistics and indications of social responsibility were given to three hundred nurses working in public hospitals in the Istanbul city. As a result, 250 out of 300 surveys were withdrawn and included in the study (the percentage of feedback was 83.3%). According to the data obtained from the survey, the average score of the participants was 3.13, thus the perception of corporate social responsibility in health care workers was found to be high. However, it is observed that the perceptions of social responsibility of nurses vary according to rank, gender and education. Key words: Social Responsibility, Nurse, Health worker, corporate social responsibility Special Issue of Health Sciences DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-03-24

Orientation: The study attempted to establish the role played by different perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on the organisational commitment of employees.Research purpose: To investigate the nomological network of variables playing a role in the relationship between Perceived CSR and Affective Commitment.Motivation for the study: Understanding the contribution of perceived corporate social responsibility to the organisational commitment of employees could inform managerial attempts to facilitate positive employee attitudes.Research approach/design and methods: The current study utilised structural equation modelling to evaluate the hypothesised multivariate causal relationships in the proposed model. A convenience sample of 172 employees of a consumer goods company completed several questionnaires, including measures of Affective Commitment, Perceived CSR, Organisational Social Identity, Perceived Organisational Justice, Psychological Contract, as well as three cultural value orientations.Main Findings: The most significant finding of the study was the positive relationship between Perceived CSR and Affective Commitment. The results revealed that Perceived CSR has a positive impact on Perceived Organisational Justice and fulfilment of the Relational Psychological Contract. Both variables impacted on Organisational Social Identity, which was positively related to Affective Commitment.Practical/managerial implications: Organisations should ensure that employees are made aware of their CSR policies and activities through corporate communication. Organisations should also invest their resources in dealing with social problems that are regarded as important by employees and engage in fair human resource practices.Contribution/Value-add: Engagement in CSR activities could help retain and attract talented candidates and increase commitment and identification with the organisation.

Although empirical research has explored the relationship of perceived corporate social responsibility with turnover intention, how the connection develops and the internal mechanism of this link require further exploration. In this study we examined the mediating roles of work meaningfulness and affective commitment in the relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility and turnover intention. Employees ( = 802) from real estate and manufacturing firms in China completed an online survey. The study model was assessed by structural equation modeling. Results indicated that a positive perception of corporate social responsibility indirectly and negatively affected employees' turnover intention. The mediating roles of work meaningfulness and affective commitment in the relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility and turnover intention were supported. This study provides managers with new insights regarding the value of employees' perception of the organization's corporate social responsibility, which can play a significant role as a future employee governance tool.

BackgroundToday, social responsibility plays an important role in the success and survival of organizations, also, moral attitudes have a significant impact on corporate social responsibility. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the relationship between moral foundations and perception of corporate social responsibility.MethodThe present research is a descriptive study. The statistical population of this study is financial managers of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The convenience sampling method is used to select the statistical sample. The research instrument includes two standard questionnaires of moral foundations and perception of corporate social responsibility. Finally, the data extracted from 240 questionnaires were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling by Lisrel software.ResultsThe results confirmed the existence of a positive and significant relationship between moral foundations and perception of social responsibility. In other words, any change in the variable of moral foundations changes all aspects of economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic corporate social responsibility.ConclusionImplementation of corporate social responsibility has many benefits for the society. Therefore, regulatory bodies and decision-making authorities should consider corporate mangers’ moral foundations as a factor affecting on corporate social responsibility.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employees’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) perception and their organizational identification in a Chinese context. The moderating effect of employees’ collectivist orientation on the relationship between CSR perception and organizational identification is also examined.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 308 employees of 7 firms in Zhejiang Province, located in southeast China. Hierarchical regression analyses were utilized to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that all three dimensions of CSR perception in this study, specifically, economic, philanthropic and strategic CSR perception, are strongly and positively related to the organizational identification of employees. Employees’ collectivist orientation positively influences the relationship between strategic CSR perception and organizational identification. In contrast, collectivist orientation negatively influences the relationship between economic CSR perception and organizational identification. However, no moderating effect of collectivism on the relationship between philanthropic CSR perception and organizational identification was found.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings highlight the positive relationship between employees’ CSR perception and their workplace attitudes, shedding particular light on how employees’ personal values influence their responses to CSR in Chinese organizations.Originality/valueThis study extends the current understanding on the relationship between CSR and organizational identification. Particularly, the authors include multiple dimensions of CSR (economic, philanthropic and strategic CSR) in the research model, demonstrating that the link between CSR perception and organizational identification is influenced by employees’ collectivist orientation.

The fields of psychology of sustainability and sustainable development have been recently highlighted by their contributions to employee’s wellbeing in organizations. The present study is aimed to empirically explore the relationship between perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility of IBEX 35 (Spanish Exchange Index) companies’ employees, and their attitudes and behaviors. The relationship between the employees’ perception of Corporate Social Responsibility of the IBEX 35 companies with their job satisfaction and Organizational citizenships behaviors is empirically analyzed. The sample includes 600 employees of the IBEX 35 companies. The results supported that the three dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) perceived by the workers are different from each other, and that they are related positively, and significantly, with their job satisfaction, the Organizational Citizenships Behaviors oriented to the company and to other co-workers. We found that two dimensions of perceived CSR—sustainable economic development, and environmental protection—have a greater impact, whereas the CSR of social equity has an almost null explanatory power, compared to the other two dimensions. The study contributions will link the Firms’ CSR activities with the degree of wellbeing of employees: Relationships that become essential when designing companies’ products and/or services.

Research Question: The paper develops a conceptual model for exploring the factors which impact the consumers' word of mouth (WOM) and willingness to pay (WTP) for products and services of socially responsible companies. Motivation: The paper is based on the research of Castaldo et al. (2009), Pivato et al. (2007), Rim and Kim (2016), and Jarvis et al. (2017) concerning the consumers’ perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and measurement of the effectiveness of CSR activities. Accordingly, our paper tries to provide companies with valuable information on how the consumers’ perception of CSR activities impacts the consumers’ trust, awareness, purchase intention, and future behaviour. Idea: The proposed model is based on three pillars: Perception of CSR, Moderating effects, and Willingness to pay and recommend and strives to shed light on their mutual relations. The goal is to better understand the complex mechanisms and consequences of the consumers’ perception of CSR activities of companies. Data: To verify the proposed conceptual model, a questionnaire was developed and distributed. In total, 265 respondents participated in the research. Tools: Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was employed to explore the relationships between defined factors. Findings: The findings illustrate that both attitudes towards CSR and CSR companies have an impact on the level of trust and purchase intention. When it comes to WTP and WOM, only the level of trust and purchase intention have an impact. Interestingly, the respondents' awareness of the companies’ CSR activities did not have an impact on WTP and WOM. The model indicates that the companies should communicate their CSR activities which will lead to greater trust and purchase intention leading to higher consumers' willingness to pay and recommend the companies’ products/services. Contribution: The study empirically explores how the perception of CSR and CSR activities potentially influences the WOM and WTP on products and services of socially responsible companies and provides a roadmap on how companies can increase the benefits of their CSR activities.

PurposeConsumers’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) expectations have increased in the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, while many financial institutions have supported society with their health-related CSR actions. This study examines the impact of CSR actions and brand origin on consumer attitudes, CSR perceptions, customer-based brand equity (CBBE) and supportive communication intent in retail banking during the crisis from signaling and stakeholder theory perspectives.Design/methodology/approachA 2 (foreign vs. local brand) x 2 (COVID-19-related vs. another CSR action) between-subjects factorial design was used to analyze consumer data.FindingsCSR actions of local brands created more positive attitudes, CSR perceptions and greater CBBE and supportive communication intent than foreign banks. However, CSR action (COVID-19-related vs. another) did not significantly influence consumer attitudes, CSR perceptions, CBBE and supportive communication intent.Originality/valueThis research has shown the significant impact of brand origin on consumer perceptions in response to CSR actions during the pandemic. It has suggested an original conceptual framework and presented timely empirical findings for retail banking in the pandemic period, which can exemplify a crisis period shaped by uncertainty. Besides, it extended the previous literature by focusing on the interaction between brand origin and CSR actions in shaping consumers’ CSR and brand perceptions. It is among the first studies examining brand origin’s impact on supportive communication intent.

This study suggests that employees’ pro-environmental behaviors are determined by their attributions regarding the reasons why hotels engage in corporate socially responsible initiatives. Furthermore, the role of supervisors’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions in shaping frontline employees’ CSR attributions is studied. Finally, we examine whether the impact of supervisor’s CSR perceptions on employee attributions differs according to the supervisor’s gender. The results showed the influence of substantive CSR attributions on pro-environmental behaviors, as well as the influence of supervisors’ CSR perceptions on employees’ substantive CSR attributions. It is also found that when the supervisor is a woman, the effect of her CSR perceptions on employees’ CSR substantive attributions was stronger. Additionally, women’s CSR perception also significantly influenced employees’ CRS symbolic attributions, although to a lesser extent. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications to promote sustainable economic growth and reduce the environmental impact on the hotel industry.