Perceptions, défis et prises de positions concernant l’ Article Processing Charges (APC) dans la publication scientifique : une enquête auprès des chercheur·e·s du CONICET en Argentine

Economic perspectives on the future of academic publishing: Introduction to the special issue

Current implementations of Open Access (OA) publishing frequently involve article processing charges (APCs). Increasing evidence has emerged that APCs impede researchers with fewer resources in publishing their research as OA. We analyzed 1.5 million scientific articles from journals listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals to assess average APCs and their determinants for a comprehensive set of journal publications across scientific disciplines, world regions, and through time. Levels of APCs were strongly stratified by scientific fields and the institutions’ countries, corroborating previous findings on publishing cultures and the impact of mandates of research funders. After controlling for country and scientific field with a multilevel mixture model, however, we found small to moderate effects of levels of institutional resourcing on the level of APCs. The effects were largest in countries with low GDP, suggesting decreasing marginal effects of institutional resources when general levels of funding are high. Our findings provide further evidence on how APCs stratify OA publishing and highlight the need for alternative publishing models.

Recently, the use of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) in research on cultural tastes and lifestyles has gained momentum. More and more analyses are hooking in on Bourdieu’s conceptualization of the social space as a primarily relational construct—depicting a homology between various forms of cultural praxis and relative locations in the space of positions of power. Yet, most lifestyle studies inspired by Bourdieu take a more substantialist approach, in which demarcated social categories are related to specific dependent variables representing—often separately—elements of cultural taste or cultural activity. Even though Bourdieu himself warned that the figures he presented in La Distinction should not be read as descriptions of the various lifestyles of class fractions, a lot of subsequent studies draw on these empirical descriptions for hypotheses rather than on the relations revealed through positions in the social space. Thus, much of the empirically based criticism on Bourdieu’s work does not do justice to his actual project. Our use of MCA has methodological reasons, since we believe using a relational analytical tool is indeed the only way to do justice to Bourdieu’s pioneering work. We also argue that MCA is very suitable for studying lifestyles today because of social changes that have occurred during the past decades. Partly due to the perceived lack of corroboration of Bourdieu’s work in more recent work across the Western world, it has been argued that lifestyles are fragmenting and becoming less closely tied to socio-economic background. Again, such studies tend to take a rather substantialist view where social positions are measured using specific categories of class, status, or education, which are causally linked to cultural tastes or activities using ‘traditional’ multivariate correlational techniques. The emergence of the cultural omnivore has been one of the recurrent findings in these studies—questioning the relevance of Bourdieusian notions such as habitus or homology. We argue that the use of MCA is a very suitable tool for demonstrating that social space is still structured by a limited number of crucial axes, especially when strictly predictable relations between social and cultural positions become more difficult to assess unequivocally or seem to be shifting. MCA maps the social space in a manner that allows us to simultaneously structure a great number of lifestyle items without any assumptions regarding their relation to social positions. This open and extensive approach is essential now that it is becoming more and more problematic to assume the existence of one or two basic or universal structuring principles. In fact, recent studies have found that elements of distinction, omnivorousness, and individualization may all be at play simultaneously in today’s lifestyles and that they may pertain to partly different cultural fields. We therefore need a technique that can deal with many variables to gauge dimensionality and do so in an exploratory manner to point at relevant dimensions. This is exactly what MCA allows us to do. We have used MCA on a sample of 2,849 respondents from Flanders (Belgium), analyzing 63 variables on several cultural domains—including behaviour taste and attitudes (e.g. music, visual arts, theatre, film, fashion, food, sports, and travel). MCA reveals three axes: a first commitment-disengagement axis, a second axis distinguishing traditional highbrow/contemplative taste from practices involving action, adventure and excitement, and a third axis indicating a degree of openness to new things. These axes resonate with work on cultural omnivorousness, with schemes proposed by Gerhard Schulze in Die Erlebnisgesellschaft, and with Bourdieu’s own findings in La Distinction. The axes are related to positions in social space to demonstrate their lasting link to economic and—especially—cultural capital.

In the current article, we tested our hypothesis by which high-impact journals tend to have higher Article Processing Charges (APCs) by comparing journal IF metrics with the OA publishing fees they charge. Our study engaged with both journals in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields and the Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) and included Hybrid, Diamond and No OA journals. The overall findings demonstrate a positive relationship between APCs and journals with high IF for two of the subject areas we examined but not for the third, which could be mediated by the characteristics and market environment of the publishers. We also found significant differences between the analysed research fields in terms of APC policies, as well as differences in the relationship between APCs and the IF across periodicals. The study and analysis conducted reinforces our concerns that Hybrid OA models are likely to perpetuate inequalities in knowledge production.

Molecular Autism: accelerating and integrating research into neurodevelopmental conditions

We compare the statistical analysis of multidimensional contingency tables by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and multiple taxicab correspondence analysis (MTCA). We will show in this paper: First, MTCA and MCA can produce different results. Second, taxicab correspondence analysis of a Burt table is equivalent to centroid correspondence analysis of the indicator matrix. Third, along the first principal axis, the projected response patterns in MTCA will be clustered and the number of cluster points is less than or equal to 1+ the number of variables. Fourth, visual maps produced by MTCA seem to be clearer and more readable in the presence of rarely occurring categories of the variables than the graphical displays produced by MCA. Two well known data sets are analyzed.

Introduction: The University of Kansas began a pilot subvention fund for article processing charges (APCs) in 2012. In fiscal year 2015 (FY2015), the Open Access Authors Fund (OAAF) shifted from a pilot program to an established program and changed various requirements, the amount of funds available each month, and the review process to ensure that those early in their career had opportunities to publish openly. This article explores the OAAF from its re-conception to the end of FY2022. Methods: Applicants’ information is stored in a Google Sheet, which was exported to Microsoft Excel. Authors’ emails were replaced with random identifiers for deidentification. Pivot tables were created to support data analysis, and the “COUNT” and “AVERAGE” functions were used to summarize the statistics. Results: The OAAF received 473 applications and paid 173 awards during this period. Most applications and those earning funding came from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, with researchers at the medical school being the majority. APC fees increased through this 8-year period, causing the number of grants to decrease. Discussion: Requests for funds to publish openly increased, as did the fees charged by publishers. Graduate students received the largest number of grants and the highest total of awarded funds. Unsurprisingly, STEM fields asked for and received the most funding. Conclusion: Overall, the fund in its new configuration achieved its goal to provide funding to those assumed to need it most, but, by FY2022, it demonstrates that this model is no longer a desired method for researchers to participate in open access publishing.

We present an analysis of a health survey data by multiple cor respondence analysis (MCA) and multiple taxicab correspondence analysis (MTCA), MTCA being a robust L1 variant of MCA. The survey has one passive item, gender, and 22 active substantive items representing health services offered by municipal authorities; each active item has four answer categories: this service is used, never tried, tried with no access, non re sponse. We show that the first principal MTCA factor is perfectly charac terized by the sum score of the category this service is used over all service items. Further, we prove that such a sum score characterization always exists for any survey data.

Predatory journal preference in the field of Orthopaedics and Traumatology in Turkey

To enhance open access (OA) journal publishing environments, this study proposed and applied a diagnostic framework for OA journal publishing. The framework includes three dimensions: OA policy establishment and disclosure, OA sustainability and journal openness quality. By applying this framework to nine OA journals in the field of science and technology in Korea, challenges faced by OA publishing were uncovered. For the dimension of OA policy establishment and disclosure, it was found that participants had lower perceptions of the importance of OA‐related financial disclosure and archiving policies compared with copyright policies. The dimension of OA sustainability was recognized as critical among participants. Finance was recognized as the most critical component of OA sustainability. Financial sources were mostly internal funding and article processing charges (APC), and participants perceived the current financial status of their journal positively. However, they were concerned about long‐term financial security. For the journal openness quality dimension, the participants were hesitant in disclosing reviews and reviewers, which can facilitate the prevention of fake peer review of predatory journals. Based on the findings, the article discusses how the challenging issues identified could be addressed. The results of this study may provide a guide for OA policy and OA system development.

The leadership of the Society recognizes the potential of new trends toward open access (OA) publishing and the value of having the papers published in ESA journals freely accessible to the widest possible audience. However, because fully OA journals do not charge for subscriptions, applying such a model to the ESA journals would require major changes in the financial basis and the operations both of the ESA journals and of the Society’s activities more broadly. For most of our history, library subscriptions have paid for copyediting, typesetting, archiving, distribution, and other publication services, allowing us to keep charges to authors at a relatively low level. Subscription fees have also partially defrayed the costs of outreach, education, and scientific meetings, providing stable core funding to complement membership fees, the annual meeting, donations, and grants.

CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS AND RELATED METHODS IN PRACTICE, Jorg Blasius and Michael Greenacre A simple example Basic method Concepts of correspondence analysis Stacked tables Multiple correspondence analysis Categorical principal components analysis Active and supplementary variables Multiway data Content of the book FROM SIMPLE TO MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS, Michael Greenacre Canonical correlation analysis Geometric approach Supplementary points Discussion and conclusions DIVIDED BY A COMMON LANGUAGE: ANALYZING AND VISUALIZING TWO-WAY ARRAYS, John C. Gower Introduction: two-way tables and data matrices Quantitative variables Categorical variables Fit and scaling Discussion and conclusion NONLINEAR PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES, Jan de Leeuw Linear PCA Least-squares nonlinear PCA Logistic NLPCA Discussion and conclusions Software Notes THE GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURED INDIVIDUALS o VARIABLES TABLES, Henry Rouanet PCA and MCA as geometric methods Structured data analysis The basketball study The EPGY study Concluding comments CORRELATIONAL STRUCTURE OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE DATA AS VIEWED FROM DUAL SCALING, Shizuhiko Nishisato Permutations of categories and scaling Principal components analysis and dual scaling Statistics for correlational structure of data Forced classification Correlation between categorical variables Properties of squared item-total correlation Structure of nonlinear correlation Concluding remarks VALIDATION TECHNIQUES IN MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS, Ludovic Lebart External validation Internal validation (resampling techniques) Example of MCA validation Conclusion MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS OF SUBSETS OF RESPONSE CATEGORIES, Michael Greenacre and Rafael Pardo Correspondence analysis of a subset of an indicator matrix Application to women's participation in labor force Subset MCA applied to the Burt matrix Discussion and conclusions SCALING UNIDIMENSIONAL MODELS WITH MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS, Matthijs J. Warrens and Willem J. Heiser The dichotomous Guttman scale The Rasch model The polytomous Guttman scale The graded response model Unimodal models Conclusion THE UNFOLDING FALLACY UNVEILED: VISUALIZING STRUCTURES OF DICHOTOMOUS UNIDIMENSIONAL ITEM-RESPONSE-THEORY DATA BY MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS, Wijbrandt van Schuur and Jorg Blasius Item response models for dominance data Visualizing dominance data Item response models for proximity data Visualizing unfolding data Every two cumulative scales can be represented as a single unfolding scale Consequences for unfolding analysis Discussion REGULARIZED MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS, Yoshio Takane and Heungsun Hwang The method Examples Concluding remarks THE EVALUATION OF DON'T KNOW RESPONSES BY GENERALIZED CANONICAL ANALYSIS, Herbert Matschinger and Matthias C. Angermeyer Method Results Discussion MULTIPLE FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR CONTINGENCY TABLES, Jerome Pages and Monica Becue-Bertaut Tabular conventions Internal correspondence analysis Balancing the influence of the different tables Multiple factor analysis for contingency tables (MFACT) MFACT properties Rules for studying the suitability of MFACT for a data set Conclusion SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS: A JOINT STUDY OF SEVERAL CONTINGENCY TABLES WITH DIFFERENT MARGINS, Amaya Zarraga and Beatriz Goitisolo Simultaneous analysis Interpretation rules for simultaneous analysis Comments on the appropriateness of the method Application: study of levels of employment and unemployment according to autonomous community, gender, and training level Conclusions MULTIPLE FACTOR ANALYSIS OF MIXED TABLES OF METRIC AND CATEGORICAL DATA, Elena Abascal, Ignacio Garcia Lautre, and M. Isabel Landaluce Multiple factor analysis MFA of a mixed table: an alternative to PCA and MCA Analysis of voting patterns across provinces in Spain's 2004 general election Conclusions CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION, Gilbert Saporta and Ndeye Niang Linear methods for classification The Disqual methodology Alternative methods A case study Conclusion MULTIBLOCK CANONICAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS FOR CATEGORICAL VARIABLES: APPLICATION TO EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA, Stephanie Bougeard, Mohamed Hanafi, Hicham Nocairi, and El-Mostafa Qannari Multiblock canonical correlation analysis Application Discussion and perspectives PROJECTION-PURSUIT APPROACH FOR CATEGORICAL DATA, Henri Caussinus and Anne Ruiz-Gazen Continuous variables Categorical variables Conclusion CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS AND CATEGORICAL CONJOINT MEASUREMENT, Anna Torres-Lacomba Categorical conjoint measurement Correspondence analysis and canonical correlation analysis Correspondence analysis and categorical conjoint analysis Incorporating interactions Discussion and conclusions A THREE-STEP APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE BEHAVIOR OF SURVEY ITEMS IN CROSS-NATIONAL RESEARCH, Jorg Blasius and Victor Thiessen Data Method Solutions Discussion ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE MODELS FOR THREE-WAY CONTINGENCY TABLES: DARROCH (1974) REVISITED, Pieter M. Kroonenberg and Carolyn J. Anderson Data and design issues Multiplicative and additive modeling Multiplicative models Additive models: three-way correspondence analysis Categorical principal components analysis Discussion and conclusions A NEW MODEL FOR VISUALIZING INTERACTIONS IN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE, Patrick J.F. Groenen and Alex J. Koning Holiday-spending data Decomposing interactions Interaction decomposition of holiday spending Conclusions LOGISTIC BIPLOTS. Jose L. Vicente-Villardon, M. Purificacion Galindo-Villardon, and Antonio Blazquez-Zaballos Classical biplots Logistic biplot Application: microarray gene expression data Final remarks References Appendix Index

Modern media technologies paved the way to the open access movement. Instead of the traditional academic subscription and publishing model, which allowed few big publishers to charge excessive publishing fees, the open access model raises the hope for a fair system, where scientific content is freely accessible and thus the dissemination of research work becomes possible at little cost. However, previous literature pointed out that big publishers seem to be able to preserve their market power when going from the subscription-based model to the open access model. In this paper, we take a closer look at the differences across disciplines. The publication routines in Social Sciences, Physical Sciences, Life Sciences and Health Sciences differ to a substantial extent. On these grounds, we test whether there are also differences in the explanations for the article processing charges (APC) across these disciplines. For doing so, we combined various data sources such as the dataset of the “Directory of Open Access”, the “OpenAPC Initiative” and the “CiteScore Metrics”. Our regression results show that the differences across the four fields in terms of publication habits and endowment levels allow publishers to exploit their market power to different extents.

The sociology of cultural tastes and practices seeks, on the one hand, to show how tastes and practices are structured, and on the other hand, to explain them. For this purpose, multivariate analysis, and in particular, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), has been chosen as the preferred statistical method to support a theory of ‘homology’ between ‘social position’ and preferences. This article reassesses the initial interpretation offered by Bourdieu of the two factor spaces of ‘dominant’ and ‘petit-bourgeois’ tastes in Distinction (1979) and discusses how MCA is used in the sociology of culture as ‘structural homology’, especially one-dimensionally (single-axis reduction) and positionally, without the inclusion of the age variable. The two ways of considering the effect of age are either by excluding it a priori (‘omitted axis’) or by not theorizing it (‘descriptive axis’). We show, using data from the 2008 French Cultural Practices survey on tastes in music and movies, how a factor analysis that incorporates age outlines a generational and historical structuring of tastes. We explain the different dimensions of age in terms of cultural practices and we interpret the level of education in terms of knowledge. The article advocates a model for the interpretation of tastes that is no longer based on the structure of capital, but rather on cultural history and specific competences.

Since the emergence of the internet and open science in the 1990s, “predatory journals,” or “predatory publishing,” have attracted the increasing attention of scholars. Research on the topic has grown at a rapid rate, particularly in the last five years. This article serves as the first bibliometric review on the topic of “predators in the scientific publication” and draws on 869 published articles from the Scopus database between 2012 and 30 March 2022. These papers were produced by a total of 1586 authors, coming from 101 countries, representing 1538 organizations, and published in 501 journals. Research disciplines mostly covered the fields of medicine, social sciences, and nursing. This study also reveals the complexity of issues and research trends around the topic of predatory scientific publications, including the review process for scientific journals, publication fees and article processing charges, open science and open-access publications, and the like and related topics such as the impact on scholars in developing countries and academic ethics. Finally, this article provides several recommendations, namely, the need for more efficient criteria to evaluate the quality of scientific journals, more public communication on the importance of ethics in research and publication, and a greater awareness among scholars and organizations of the implications of the “predator” issue in scientific publishing.