Perception of Patients towards Outpatient Service of Gynecology Department in Private and Public Hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal

significant for achieving healthcare and patient satisfaction in tertiary level public and private hospitals. In the hospital, used linen harbor large number of potentially pathogenic microorganisms which may cause many infections. This lead to lengthen patient's hospital stay and aggravate cost of treatment which may result patient dissatisfaction. In Bangladesh, there is no linen related policy, therefore, this study tried to assess the quality of laundry and linen services in both public and private hospitals in Bangladesh Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among purposively selected 251 service providers (151 from public hospital and 100 from private hospital) and 117 service receivers (60 from public hospital and 57 from private hospital) from one public hospital namely Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital (SBMCH), and from one private hospital namely Rahat Anower Hospital in Barishal district, Bangladesh from January to December 2019. In addition, 64 (34 from public hospital and 30 from private hospital) swab samples were selected purposively for microbiological test. Data was collected through two questionnaires and a checklist. Data processing and analysis were done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 23. Results: It was found that laundry department was not in the ground floor in private hospital like public hospital. On the other hand, color coded bag was used for collection of infected and non-infected clothes only in private hospital. Both public and private hospitals did not use separate compartment of the trolley for carrying the dirty linen. Maximum 73.68% of service receivers from private hospital were satisfied compared to public hospital (38.3%) regarding cleanliness of linen. Furthermore, the majority of service providers in both government and non-government hospitals had no history of influenza vaccination, and the majority of them were not trained in linen services. Public hospital’s swab sample show the higher microbiological growth 19 (56%) than private hospital’s sample 10 (33%). Conclusion: Due to the poor quality of linen services, both public and private hospital service providers and recipients are at risk of being infected by many diseases spread by linen.

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess predictive factors for patient satisfaction with healthcare services as a measure of the quality of hospital care in public and private hospitals in Kosovo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kosovo during 2015-2016 including a representative sample of 2585 patients older than 18 years [1010 (48.6%) males and 1069 (51.4%) females from public hospitals; and 240 (47.4%) males and 266 (52.6%) females from private hospitals]. Patient satisfaction dimensions such as satisfaction with medical care, nursing care, organization, and overall impression were the main variables measured. A risk-adjusted multivariate analysis was applied. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed as independent significant predictors of the total satisfaction of patients from public hospitals the following factors: age, length of stay in hospital in days, education, payment for additional analyzes during hospitalization and buying medications for hospital treatment. These five independent significant predictors accounted for 7.3% of the change in the total patients’ satisfaction (stepwise method - R2 = 0.073). Conversely, there were only four predictors of the total satisfaction of patients from private hospitals: length of stay in hospital in days, number of hospitalizations in the last 12 months, paying for hospitalization, and cost of hospitalization exceeds received services. Only the variables “length of hospital stay” together with “cost of hospitalization exceeds received services” as independent predictors, explained 5.3% of the variability of total satisfaction. Conclusion: Structural and qualitative characteristics of hospitals have a significant impact on patients’ satisfaction. Age, length of stay, education, payment for additional analyzes during hospitalization and the cost of hospitalization in public hospitals and length of stay, paying for hospitalization, and cost of hospitalization in private hospitals are useful predictors for total satisfaction of patients in Kosovo.

The objectives of the study were to assess the quality of nursing care rendered by staff nurses in medical and surgical wards of government and private hospitals, to compare the quality of nursing care rendered by staff nurses in medical and surgical wards of government and private Hospitals, to find association between quality of nursing care rendered by staff nurses and selected demographic variables, to assess the level of satisfaction perceived by patients in medical and surgical wards of government and private hospitals, to compare the level of satisfaction perceived by patients in medical and surgical wards of government and private hospitals, to find association between level of satisfaction perceived by patients and selected demographic variables.Quantitative research approach and (descriptive comparative) research design was used. Tools used for data collection comprised of a structured observation checklist to assess quality of nursing care and a structured patient satisfaction questionnaire for assessment of patient satisfaction. Convenient sampling was adopted to select the 60 staff nurses, 30 from each hospital and 60 patients, 30 from each hospital. The study was conducted at a government (SMHS) hospital and a private (Noorah) Hospital, Srinagar.Data was analyzed and interpreted using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that better quality of nursing care was rendered by staff nurses in private than in the government hospital. In government hospital, the areas in which staff nurses rendered good quality of care were nurse’s communication and behavior and patient safety, average quality in areas of documentation and environment and poor quality in the area of general nursing care. In case of private hospital, good quality of nursing care was rendered under the areas environment, patient safety, nurse’s communication and behavior and average quality of nursing care was rendered in the area documentation. No significant association was found between the quality of nursing care and selected demographic variables viz. age, educational qualification and years of work experience in both hospitals. A significant association was found between the level of satisfaction perceived by patients and age and marital status, and no significant association with gender, days of stay in the hospital and history of previous hospitalization in the government hospital. On average, in the government hospital, patients were satisfied with nurse’s communication and behavior and were dissatisfied with general nursing care and care facilities in the ward. In private hospital, no significant association was found between the level of satisfaction perceived by patients and demographic variables viz. age, gender, marital status, days of stay in the hospital and history of previous hospitalization. In the private hospital, on average the patients were satisfied with the general nursing care and nurse’s communication and behavior but were dissatisfied with care facilities in the ward.The study concluded that better quality of nursing care is rendered by staff nurses in private hospital than in government hospital. The level of satisfaction perceived by patients in private hospitals is better in private hospital than in government hospital.

IntroductionHIV and AIDS care requires frequent visits to the hospital. Patient satisfaction with care services during hospital visits is important in considering quality and outcome of care. Increasing number of patients needing treatment led to the decentralization of care to lower level hospitals without documented patient perception on the quality of services. The study determined and compared patient satisfaction with HIV and AIDS care services in public and private hospitals and identified the factors that influence it.MethodThis was a cross-sectional comparative study of patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in public and private hospitals in Anambra State. The sampling frame for the hospitals consisted of all registered public and private hospitals that have rendered antiretroviral services for at least one year. There were three public urban, nine public rural, eleven private urban and ten private rural hospitals that met the criteria. One hospital was selected by simple random sampling (balloting) from each group. Out of a total of 6334 eligible patients (had received ART for at least 12 months), 1270 were recruited by simple random sampling from the hospitals proportionate to size of patient in each hospital. Adapted, validated and pretested Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ18) was interviewer-administered on consenting patients as an exit interview. A Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were conducted at 5% level of significance.ResultThere were 635 participants each in public and private hospitals. Of the 408 patients who had primary education or less, 265(65.0%) accessed care in public hospitals compared to 143(35.0%) who accessed care in private hospital (p<0.001). Similarly, of the 851 patients who were currently married, 371 (43.6%) accessed their care in public compared to 480 (56.4%) who accessed care in private (p<0.001). The proportion of participants who were satisfied were more in public hospitals (71.5%) compared to private hospitals (41.4%). The difference in proportion was statistically significant (χ2 = 116.85, p <0.001). Good retention in care [AOR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.5–3.5] was the only predictor of satisfaction in public hospitals while primary education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR); 2.3, 95%CI: 1.5–3.4], residing in rural area [AOR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.4–2.9], and once-daily dosing [AOR: 3.2, 95%CI: 2.1–4.8] were independent predictors of patient' satisfaction among private hospital respondents.ConclusionSatisfaction was higher among patients attending public hospitals. Patient’s satisfaction was strongly associated with retention in care among patients in public hospitals. However, in private hospitals, it was influenced by the patient’s level of education, place of residence, and antiretroviral medication dosing frequency.

Research Question: What are the levels of patient-perceived and self-assessed physician empathy among internal medicine (IM) residents in two tertiary hospitals in Pasig City? Is there a significant difference in patient-perceived and self-assessed physician empathy levels between public and private tertiary hospitals? Background: Empathy is important because it has been speculated to have a positive effect on patient outcomes; it is a skill that can be learned and developed. Objectives: This study obtained quantitative measurements of patient-perceived and self-assessed physician empathy. Empathy levels between public and private tertiary hospitals were compared. General Study Design: This study utilized a quantitative cross-sectional design, with surveys as the strategy for data collection. Participants: 162 out-patient department patients aged 19-75, and 69 IM residents were sampled from one private and one public tertiary hospital. Outcome Measures: The Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSE) were used to measure the empathy levels. Analysis: Sample size calculation was done using OpenEpi. An alpha level of 0.05 was used for computing the independent samples t-test. Results: Internal Medicine patients from the private hospital rated the physicians with higher empathy scores (mean=31.23) compared to their public hospital counterparts (mean=29.01), which is statistically significant (p=.0134). Residents from the private hospital also scored a higher self-assessed empathy score (mean=110.46) compared to physicians from the public hospital (mean=102.13), which is also statistically significant (p=.0147). Conclusion: This study provided preliminary information on the empathy levels of physicians in the Philippine setting between private and public hospitals, showing that physician empathy levels are consistently higher in the private hospital facility. The results can help hospitals incorporate or improve training in empathy in internal medicine residency programs, as empathy is known to affect patient health outcomes. Keywords: physician empathy, residency training, patient care

Patient satisfaction has become an important indicator to measure the quality of care rendered to the patients while in hospital. Patient satisfaction surveys can help identify ways of improving nursing and health care services. The present study was planned to assess the patient satisfaction with nursing care in selected public and private hospitals. It was found that mean patient satisfaction with nursing care score was significantly higher in private hospitals (80.83 15.88) as compared to public hospitals (64.88 21.36) (P<0.001). Patient satisfaction with nursing was not different in selected medical, surgical, orthopedics and maternity unit; while it was significantly higher in all the units in private hospitals as compared to public hospitals (p<0.001). Patient satisfaction in all the selected eight dimensions of nursing care score was significantly higher in private hospitals as compared to public hospitals (P<0.001). However, communication and offering emotional support dimensions of nursing care had lowest score in both private and public hospitals. Therefore, it is recommended to plan and implement the training programs needed for nurses to improve their knowledge and skills of communication and use of emotional support measures for the patients.

Background: Patient satisfaction serves as a vital indicator of healthcare quality, reflecting how well patient expectations and needs are met during care. In the field of mental health, satisfaction is particularly important as it directly influences treatment adherence, recovery outcomes, and long-term engagement with services. Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare patient satisfaction with mental health services in public and private tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 17th March to 30th June 2024 across three public and three private tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar. A total of 310 patients were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a validated satisfaction tool designed for low-income countries (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, with descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages reported. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were applied to compare differences across hospitals, with a significance level of p &lt; 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 26 years (SD ± 11.53), with 66.8% males and 33.2% females. Urban residents comprised 56.8% of respondents, while 43.2% were from rural areas. Educational levels ranged from illiterate (19%) to graduates/postgraduates (23.5%). Overall satisfaction was slightly higher in private hospitals (79.99%) than in public hospitals (77.14%). The highest satisfaction was observed at Northwest General Hospital (87.11%), while the lowest was at Lady Reading Hospital (71.74%). ANOVA results revealed significant inter-hospital differences in service quality (p &lt; 0.05), particularly in waiting times, communication, and accessibility. Conclusion: Patients reported higher satisfaction with private sector hospitals compared to government hospitals, largely due to better facilities, reduced waiting times, and greater resource availability. Strengthening public mental health infrastructure, improving staff training, and addressing financial and accessibility barriers are recommended to enhance overall patient satisfaction. Keywords: Healthcare quality, Mental health services, Patient satisfaction, Public vs. private hospitals, Tertiary care.

The level of services delivered by physiotherapists to recipients is stated by the satisfaction of patient but patient satisfaction studies are lacking within physiotherapy domain in public and private hospitals in Pakistan. Objective: To ascertain patient’s satisfaction with physiotherapy services and to compare the results in this context between public and private hospitals. Methods: This cross- sectional observational study was conducted in 3 public and 3 private hospitals of Lahore in a time period of three months. Total 148 patients were evaluated, 74 from the public hospitals and 74 from the private hospitals. The 5- point Likert scale was used in patients to identify patient satisfaction from physiotherapy services. Results: The study indicated that the level of satisfaction of patients who are receiving physiotherapy services is higher in private hospitals than in public hospitals. 95.8% of the patients were satisfied with the physiotherapy services received from private hospitals and only 20.6 % of the patients receiving physiotherapy services from public hospitals were satisfied with their treatment. Conclusions: Patient satisfaction is an essential domain of the extent of quality of care. So, it must be appraised on time to offer better facilities to the patients. There was a high level of satisfaction described by patient receiving Outpatient Physiotherapy Department (OPD) services in private hospitals while most of the patients receiving OPD services from public hospitals were dissatisfied with their treatment.

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess predictive factors for patient satisfaction with healthcare services as a measure of the quality of hospital care in public and private hospitals in Kosovo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kosovo during 2015-2016 including a representative sample of 2585 patients older than 18 years [1010 (48.6%) males and 1069 (51.4%) females from public hospitals; and 240 (47.4%) males and 266 (52.6%) females from private hospitals]. Patient satisfaction dimensions such as satisfaction with medical care, nursing care, organization, and overall impression were the main variables measured. A risk-adjusted multivariate analysis was applied. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed as independent significant predictors of the total satisfaction of patients from public hospitals the following factors: age, length of stay in hospital in days, education, payment for additional analyzes during hospitalization and buying medications for hospital treatment. These five independent significant predictors accounted for 7.3% of the change in the total patients’ satisfaction (stepwise method - R2 = 0.073). Conversely, there were only four predictors of the total satisfaction of patients from private hospitals: length of stay in hospital in days, number of hospitalizations in the last 12 months, paying for hospitalization, and cost of hospitalization exceeds received services. Only the variables “length of hospital stay” together with “cost of hospitalization exceeds received services” as independent predictors, explained 5.3% of the variability of total satisfaction. Conclusion: Structural and qualitative characteristics of hospitals have a significant impact on patients’ satisfaction. Age, length of stay, education, payment for additional analyzes during hospitalization and the cost of hospitalization in public hospitals and length of stay, paying for hospitalization, and cost of hospitalization in private hospitals are useful predictors for total satisfaction of patients in Kosovo.

Background and objective: Patient satisfaction is one of the most important factors to de-termine the success of a health care facility. It is a relative phenomenon, which evaluates the patients’ perceived needs, their expectations from a health system, and the experi-ence of health care. Patient satisfaction is the main goal today for most health care organi-zations, from hospitals to physician practices and other health care agencies. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction with the health care services provided by public and private hospitals in Erbil City. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability purposive sample of 450 patients (225 from public and 225 from private hospitals) who were seeking health care in hospitals in Erbil City. The data were collected between the 7th of January and 15th of November 2016 by direct interviews and filling of the standardized questionnaires (Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18). Results and Discussion: Most of the patients in public hospitals expressed a neutral level of satisfaction with received health services (80.9%) while 10.7% were dissatisfied and only 8.4% were satisfied with the provided health care. On the contrary, most of the patients in private hospitals (80%) were satisfied with their care, with only 20% expressing a neutral level of satisfaction with private health care services. These findings show that there is a very high statistical difference between patient satisfaction in the governmental and pri-vate hospitals in Erbil City (Mean ± Standard Deviation 45.35 ± 3.520), (56.42 ± 5.696) (p-value= &lt;0.001). Conclusion: Most of the patients were satisfied with private health care services but not with public hospitals health services in selected hospitals in Erbil City in Iraq.

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an important health care service which is intended to potentially reduce maternal morbidity and mortality particularly in areas where the general health status of women is presumed poor, choice of facilities is limited and the service delivery compromised by geography (terrain, transport), socio-demographic factors, financial capability and awareness. Though improving the quality of health care is one of the targeted strategies in the Health Sector Development Program IV (HSDP IV) of Ethiopia, little is known about the quality of antenatal care service and client satisfaction at the different hospitals in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Objective: To determine satisfaction of ANC services among pregnant women at the public teaching and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Health institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2019 in public and private hospitals, in Addis Ababa, using sample size determination for comparisons of proportion between the two populations. All participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled based on the flow of pregnant women to the ANC clinics at the selected hospitals. Data were entered and cleaned using EPI-info version 3.5.1 and analysis was performed by SPSS version 21. Association of independent variables with the client satisfaction was done using binary and multivariate logistic regression. Significant association of variables with outcome was determined using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) together with 95 % confidence interval. Level of significance was set at P-value of ≤ 0.05. Results: Five hundred seventy one pregnant women attending Antenatal Care at private (281) and public (290) hospitals were included with response rates of 94.1 and 91.2% for public and private hospitals, respectively. The age distribution of the participants was between 17 and 43 years with a mean age of 27.3±5.1 years. Most of the clients, 249 (88.7%) at private and 276 (95.2%) at public hospitals were between the ages of 20 and 34 years. One hundred fourteen (39.3%) of the clients at public and 113 (40.2%) at private hospitals were nulliparous. The clients overall satisfaction with antenatal care was mostly positive both at the private and public hospitals and two hundred twenty eight (81.1%) of the private and 174 (60%) of the public hospitals were satisfied with the services provided. Having ANC follow up at the private hospitals had statistically significant difference in client satisfaction compared to those in public hospitals with P value of 0.019, (AOR 2.97, 95% CI:1.19 -7.74). Clients’ satisfaction with the cleanliness of the environment was 11.1 times more likely to be satisfied with the general ANC service, P&lt;0.05, (AOR 12.18 95% CI: 7.45-19.91). Having more than 4 ANC visits was positively associated with client overall satisfaction, P= 0.021, (AOR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.12-5.24,) while long waiting time is negatively associated with client satisfaction. Conclusions: The study showed significant difference in client satisfaction rate between the selected private and public facilities. Private facilities outperformed public facilities with regards to structural features (privacy, waiting time, space, and neatness). We recommend concerted effort to improve ANC visits and pay due attention to the privacy, waiting time, and the neatness of the facilities in public hospitals.

Introduction This study explores perceptions of the South African public about the country's private and public hospitals in light of current health sector reforms aimed at achieving universal health coverage (UHC). A better understanding of perceptions can guide improvements in public sector services and strengthen confidence and trust in the health system. Methods Eight focus groups, delineated in terms of race ('black' and 'white' South Africans) and experience with public and private hospitals (recent or indirect), were run. The overarching research question focused on perceptions and experiences with public and private hospitals and which services participants would use in future. Key points of discussion included quality of care, cleanliness, patient satisfaction, staff attitudes, the extent to which views were shared and commonly held within the group, origins of perceptions, as well as recommendations for improving the state of public hospitals. Findings/results Transcripts were analysed thematically to reveal an almost-automatic perception that private hospitals are "better" than public hospitals but also, with further exploration, a much more nuanced set of perceptions around the expensiveness of private hospitals, the affordability of public sector care, and wider themes of  trust and acceptability of health services. Conclusion Currently within the context of UHC through the introduction of a National Health Insurance (NHI) system in South Africa, trust, quality and acceptability of health services are crucial determinants how much the public will buy-in to the planned changes. As NHI policy grapples with financing and logistics, this research serves as a reminder that health systems are also human systems, with personal encounters at their heart. In order to acceptably serve people and society, policy emphasis is also needed to build culture of people-centred care.

Introduction This study explores perceptions of the South African public about the country's private and public hospitals in light of current health sector reforms aimed at achieving universal health coverage (UHC). A better understanding of perceptions can guide improvements in public sector services and strengthen confidence and trust in the health system. Methods Eight focus groups, delineated in terms of race ('black' and 'white' South Africans) and experience with public and private hospitals (recent or indirect), were run. The overarching research question focused on perceptions and experiences with public and private hospitals and which services participants would use in future. Key points of discussion included quality of care, cleanliness, patient satisfaction, staff attitudes, the extent to which views were shared and commonly held within the group, origins of perceptions, as well as recommendations for improving the state of public hospitals. Findings/results Transcripts were analysed thematically to reveal an almost-automatic perception that private hospitals are "better" than public hospitals but also, with further exploration, a much more nuanced set of perceptions around the expensiveness of private hospitals, the affordability of public sector care, and wider themes of  trust and acceptability of health services. Conclusion Currently within the context of UHC through the introduction of a National Health Insurance (NHI) system in South Africa, trust, quality and acceptability of health services are crucial determinants how much the public will buy-in to the planned changes. As NHI policy grapples with financing and logistics, this research serves as a reminder that health systems are also human systems, with personal encounters at their heart. In order to acceptably serve people and society, policy emphasis is also needed to build culture of people-centred care.

Assessments of patients’ satisfaction with provided health care is important, not only as a measure of the quality of care patients receive, but also in identifying potential areas for improving the content of care provided by physicians .Research proved that improving patient satisfaction with physician increases the likelihood that a patient will return to a given health care provider.&#x0D; Aim of Study: To assess patients’ satisfaction with healthcare services at private and governmental hospitals in Aseer Region, 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: Following a cross sectional design, two hospitals were included, a governmental hospital and a private hospital. A total of 400 patients were interviewed according to a consecutive sampling technique&#x0D; Conclusions: In both public and private hospitals, quality of provided health services is significantly less than that expected across all components of patients’ satisfaction. In public hospitals, higher quality of received health services is perceived by older patients. In private hospitals, higher quality of received health services is v older and male patients and those who have health insurance. Both received and expected quality of health services are significantly higher in private than public hospitals.

BackgroundThe India, the below-poverty-line population (BPL) accounts for approximately 357.6 million people. Rastriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) is a public-private health insurance scheme for BPL families implemented by the government...