Percepción del docente sobre la otredad en la era de la inteligencia artificial

during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).

The article is devoted to the history of the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), their current and probable future achievements, and the problems (which have already arisen, but will become even more acute in the future) associated with the development of these technologies and their active introduction in society. The close connection between the development of AI and cognitive science, the penetration of ICT and AI into various fields, in particular the field of health care, is shown. A significant part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of ‘artificial intelligence’, including the definition of generative AI. We analyze recent achievements in the field of Artificial Intelligence, describe the basic models, in particular the Large Linguistic Models (LLM), and forecast the development of AI and the dangers that await us in the coming decades. We identify the forces behind the aspiration to create artificial intelligence, which is increasingly approaching the capabilities of the so-called general/universal AI, and also suggest desirable measures to limit and channel the development of artificial intelligence. The authors emphasize that the threats and dangers of the development of ICT and AI are particularly aggravated by the monopolization of their development by the state, intelligence services, large corporations and those often referred to as globalists. The article forecasts the development of computers, ICT and AI in the coming decades, and also shows the changes in society that will be associated with them. The study consists of two articles. The first, presented below, provides a brief historical overview and characterizes the current situation in the field of ICT and AI, it also analyzes the concepts of artificial intelligence, including generative AI, changes in the understanding of AI related to the emergence of the so-called large language models and related new types of AI programs (ChatGPT). The article discusses the serious problems and dangers associated with the rapid and uncontrolled development of artificial intelligence. The second article, to be published in the next issue of the journal, describes and comments on current assessments of breakthroughs in the field of AI, analyzes various forecasts, and the authors give their own assessments and forecasts of future developments. Particular attention is given to the problems and dangers associated with the rapid and uncontrolled development of AI, the fact that achievements in the field of AI are becoming a powerful means of controlling the population, imposing ideology and choice, influencing the results of elections, and a weapon for undermining security and geopolitical struggle.

Artificial intelligence is defined as the totality of systems and programs that imitate human intelligence and can eventually surpass this intelligence over time. The rapid development of these technologies has raised various ethical debates such as moral responsibility, privacy, bias, respect for human rights, and social impacts. This study examines the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence, the differences between weak and strong artificial intelligence, ethical issues, and theological dimensions in detail, providing a comprehensive perspective on the role of artificial intelligence in human life and the problems it brings. The historical development of artificial intelligence has been shaped by the contributions of various disciplines such as mathematical logic, cognitive science, philosophy, and engineering. From the ancient Greek philosophers to the present day, thoughts on artificial intelligence have raised deep philosophical questions such as human nature, consciousness, and responsibility. The algorithms developed by Alan Turing have contributed to the modern shaping of artificial intelligence and have put forward the first models to assess whether machines have human-like intelligence, such as the “Turing Test”. The study first analyzes the technical infrastructure of artificial intelligence in detail and discusses the current limits and potential of the technology through the distinction between weak and strong artificial intelligence. Weak artificial intelligence includes systems designed to perform specific tasks and do not exhibit general intelligence outside of those tasks, while strong artificial intelligence refers to systems with human-like general intelligence and flexible thinking capacity. Most of the widely used artificial intelligence applications today fall into the category of weak artificial intelligence. However, the development of strong artificial intelligence brings various ethical and theological consequences for humanity. The ethical issues of artificial intelligence include fundamental topics such as autonomy, responsibility, transparency, fairness, and privacy. The decision-making processes of autonomous systems raise serious ethical questions at the societal level. Especially autonomous weapons and artificial intelligence-managed justice systems raise concerns in terms of human rights and individual freedoms. In this context, the ethical framework of artificial intelligence has deep impacts on the future of humanity and human-machine interaction, not just limited to technological boundaries. From a theological perspective, the ability of artificial intelligence to imitate the human mind and creative processes raises deep theological issues such as the creativity of God, the place of human beings in the universe, and consciousness. The questions of whether artificial intelligence systems can gain consciousness and whether these conscious systems can have a spiritual status have led to new debates in theology and philosophy. The ethical principles of artificial intelligence are shaped around principles such as transparency, accountability, autonomy, human control, and data management. In conclusion, determining the ethical and theological principles that need to be considered in the development and application of artificial intelligence is critical for the future of humanity. A comprehensive examination of the ethical and theological dimensions of artificial intelligence technologies is necessary to understand and manage the social impacts of this technology. This study emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach for the development of artificial intelligence in harmony with social values and for the benefit of humanity. The study provides an important theoretical framework for future research by shedding light on the complex ethical and theological issues arising from the development and widespread use of artificial intelligence.

This paper examines the trajectory of artificial intelligence (AI) development, focusing on three key stages: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI). Recent advancements in AI architectures, particularly the evolution of transformer-based models, have significantly accelerated progress across these stages, enabling more sophisticated and scalable AI systems. This paper explores the architectural foundations of ANI, AGI, and ASI, highlighting recent modifications and their implications for future AI development. Additionally, the societal, ethical, and geopolitical implications of AI are discussed, emphasizing the need for robust safeguards and governance frameworks to ensure that AI serves as a force for human advancement rather than a source of existential risk. By integrating historical comparisons, current trends, and future projections, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformative potential of AI and its impact on humanity.

The article is devoted to the history of development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), their current and probable future achievements and the problems (which have already arisen, but will become even more acute in the future) associated with the development of these technologies and their active introduction in society. The close connection between the development of AI and cognitive science, the penetration of ICT and AI into various fields, in particular the field of health care, is shown. A significant part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “artificial intelligence”, including the definition of generative AI. There is performed the analysis of recent achievements in the field of Artificial Intelligence, and there are given descriptions of the basic models, in particular Large Linguistic Models (LLM), and forecasts of the development of AI and the dangers that will await us in the coming decades. We identify the forces behind the aspiration to create artificial intelligence, which is increasingly approaching the capabilities of the so-called general/universal AI, and also suggest desirable measures to limit and channel the development of artificial intelligence. The authors emphasize that the threats and dangers of the development of ICT and AI are partuclarly aggrevated by the monopolization of their development by the state, intelligence services, major corporations and those often referred to as globalists. The article forecasts the development of computers, ICT and AI in the coming decades, and also shows the changes in society that will be associated with them. The study consists of two articles. The first, presented below, provides a brief historical overview and characterizes the current situation in the field of ICT and AI, it also analyzes the concepts of artificial intelligence, including generative AI, changes in the understanding of AI in connection with the emergence of the so-called large language models and related new types of AI programs (ChatGPT). The article discusses the serious problems and dangers associated with the rapid and uncontrolled development of artificial intelligence. The second article, to be published in the next issue of the journal, describes and comments on current assessments of breakthroughs in the field of AI, analyzes various forecasts, and the authors give their own assessments and forecasts of future developments. Particular attention is given to the problems and dangers associated with the rapid and uncontrolled development of AI, the fact that achievements in the field of AI are becoming a powerful means of control over the population, imposing ideology and choice, influencing the results of elections, and a weapon for undermining security and geopolitical struggle.

Getting AI Right: Introductory Notes on AI & Society

The article considers a qualitatively new stage in the development of artificial intelligence (AI), associated with the development of artificial general intelligence (abbreviated as AGI in the international nomenclature – from Artificial General Intelligence). Unlike traditional AI, AGI is significantly closer in its functions to natural intelligence (EI), it will be able to self-learn, solve a wide range of tasks in different environments, i.e. be integral and autonomous. Such a level of “independence” of AGI opens up fundamentally new prospects for the development of information technologies, but at the same time poses many acute socio-humanitarian problems associated with the risks and threats of losing control over the development of AI. The successful development of AGI requires new theoretical and methodological approaches based on the principles of post-nonclassical epistemology and the results of neuroscientific and phenomenological studies of consciousness. It is very important to consider these issues from the angle of the extreme aggravation of the global crisis of world civilization, due to its consumer dominance and efforts to preserve its monopolar structure from the part of the United States and its Western allies. In this regard, a broader, philosophical-anthropological approach is also required to understand the current state of our civilization and the possibilities for its transformation. It involves taking into account what is called the nature of man, as a stable complex of his mental and bodily properties. They were reproduced among all peoples, in all historical epochs, under all social structures, which indicates their biological conditionality. Among them, along with altruistic properties, a number of negative properties can be distinguished (such as unlimited consumerism, aggressiveness towards one’s own kind, excessive egoistic self-will). These characteristic properties of mass consciousness were actively exploited adherents of monopolarity in their interests. Overcoming the principles and practices of monopolarity and thereby changing the global social self-organization is a necessary condition for a truly humanistic stage of anthropotechnological evolution, capable of opening up new existential prospects for the transformation of man and mankind.

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs), is transforming scientific research and higher education, offering new opportunities while raising significant ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges. This opinion piece explores the intersection of AI and science, focusing on the implications for copyright, peer review, and open science. AI systems, such as LLMs, are increasingly used in research applications, including text generation, data analysis, and peer review, with recent studies suggesting that AI-assisted reviews may improve efficiency and address reviewer shortages. However, concerns about bias, confidentiality, and the lack of guidelines for AI use in peer review persist. The rise of AI also poses challenges to copyright, as LLMs often rely on vast datasets of scientific works, raising questions about fair use, attribution, and licensing. Current regulatory frameworks in the United States, China, the European Union, and the United Kingdom focus on promoting innovation and responsible AI development, but gaps remain, particularly in addressing the use of copyrighted works for AI training. Creative Commons licenses, widely used for open-access outputs, do not fully address the complexities of AI training, and the absence of proper attribution in AI systems challenges the concept of originality. This paper calls for action to ensure that AI training is not considered a fair use exception to copyright law, advocating for authors' rights to refuse the use of their works for AI training and for universities to take a leading role in regulating AI. Governments and international organizations must develop harmonized legislative measures to protect authors' rights and ensure transparency in AI training datasets. The paper concludes that while AI offers transformative potential for science, a careful and responsible approach is needed to balance innovation with ethical and legal considerations, preventing the emergence of an oligopolistic market that prioritizes profit over scientific integrity.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is progressing through stages: artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), artificial general intelligence (AGI) and artificial super intelligence (ASI). This article aims to map out recent literature in Islamic philosophy which discusses and explores AI with respect to those divisions. In other words, this is a baseline study on the potential discourse of AI within the various schools of Islamic philosophy such as masha’ī (peripatetic), ishraqī (illuminationist), and sadranī (transcendental). Our inquiry concerns with how do contemporary scholars in Islamic philosophy give response to the recent development of AI? We seek various open access English references which discuss AI and Islamic philosophy, and we discover 19 English references published in between 2014-2024. We take the initiative to broaden our investigation to include 12 Arabic references. Although classical Islamic philosophy contains a significant number of discussions on intellect and mind, this has not been sufficient to attract more research on AI and Islamic philosophy. Therefore, we present and identify some questions to stimulate further academic research on AI within Islamic philosophy.

Response to M. Trengove & coll regarding "Attention is not all you need: the complicated case of ethically using large language models in healthcare and medicine".

The integration of artificial intelligence into the system of higher education represents a turning point in the process of learning and teaching. The development of artificial intelligence has opened the way to personalized training, automation of administrative tasks and the introduction of innovative training methods. The purpose of the study was to analyze the practical aspects of using artificial intelligence in higher education institutions of Ukraine. It was determined that artificial intelligence is an organized set of information technologies, which makes it possible to perform complex complex tasks. There are three main categories of artificial intelligence: narrow-spectrum artificial intelligence, or Artificial Narrow Intelligence, general artificial intelligence, or Artificial General Intelligence, and artificial superintelligence, or Artificial Super Intelligence. The main educational services provided by artificial intelligence in institutions of higher education are the development and conduct of lectures, seminars and practical classes; teacher counseling; creation of educational programs and electronic courses; development of tasks and simulation of their solution; conducting various educational events; evaluation of the works of education seekers. Some examples of the use of artificial intelligence, in particular chatbots, in the higher education of Ukraine are analyzed and their potential for improving the educational process and forming professional skills is emphasized. An example of the use of GPT-3.5 in the Luhansk Educational and Scientific Institute for teaching foreign languages is presented. Such applications based on artificial intelligence as Thinkster and Duolingo and the main aspects of their use by students of higher education are characterized. Recommendations are provided for the successful implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in higher education.

The integration of artificial intelligence into the system of higher education represents a turning point in the process of learning and teaching. The development of artificial intelligence has opened the way to personalized training, automation of administrative tasks and the introduction of innovative training methods. The purpose of the study was to analyze the practical aspects of using artificial intelligence in higher education institutions of Ukraine. It was determined that artificial intelligence is an organized set of information technologies, which makes it possible to perform complex complex tasks. There are three main categories of artificial intelligence: narrow-spectrum artificial intelligence, or Artificial Narrow Intelligence, general artificial intelligence, or Artificial General Intelligence, and artificial superintelligence, or Artificial Super Intelligence. The main educational services provided by artificial intelligence in institutions of higher education are the development and conduct of lectures, seminars and practical classes; teacher counseling; creation of educational programs and electronic courses; development of tasks and simulation of their solution; conducting various educational events; evaluation of the works of education seekers. Some examples of the use of artificial intelligence, in particular chatbots, in the higher education of Ukraine are analyzed and their potential for improving the educational process and forming professional skills is emphasized. An example of the use of GPT-3.5 in the Luhansk Educational and Scientific Institute for teaching foreign languages is presented. Such applications based on artificial intelligence as Thinkster and Duolingo and the main aspects of their use by students of higher education are characterized. Recommendations are provided for the successful implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in higher education.

Outline for a German Strategy for Artificial Intelligence

The present study investigates the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the future trajectory of human civilization. It focuses on topics such as super-exponential growth, the potential emergence of a galactic civilization, and the associated "doom" hazards. A significant advancement in machine intelligence with human-like consciousness, strong artificial intelligence (AI), also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI), creates new opportunities and capacities. There's growing anxiety about the risk that weak AI will eventually become strong AI. Every year, new transformer models that are more like human interactions are being created, and we have already witnessed some indications of AGI. It is anticipated that AI will reach a "singularity" and advance on its own without assistance from humans. This thesis explores the theoretical and practical foundations, model building blocks, development processes, challenges, and ethical issues surrounding the creation of Consciousness AI (AGI). This paper examines the meaning of the term "technological singularity," the various types of singularities that have no point of return idea, the philosophical risks associated with the development of AI, and the implications of AI singularity for monetary theory and the new economic order. As a new perspective on the deployment of ethical AI in the face of tremendous technological advancements, the study not only contributes to the theoretical discourse but also explores the possible practical implications of AI on our shared future. Several obstacles to AI advancement are covered in the paper, along with prospective directions for future research.

Chapter 13 - The rise of AI in telehealth