Perceiving the Domicile Reservations in India from the Legal and Sociological Perspective

Beyond Claim‐Rights: Social Structure, Collectivization, and Human Rights

Political parties reflect a democratic state, which is believed to be a condition for modern state life. As institutions for channeling interests, political parties are used as communication with a two-way function, namely, top-down and bottom-up. If this can be carried out well, then political parties' function as political socialization, political participation, political communication, articulation of interests, aggregation of interests, and policymaking can run well to realize the expected political development. The research method used in this research is qualitative research methods. Through qualitative research, the author has created a complex picture, examined words, reviewed detailed reports from the point of view of resource persons, and conducted studies on natural situations. This study aims to determine political parties' development in the Russian Republic of Tatarstan, political parties' function, and political development amid a society in this modern era. The problem in this research is that political parties in Russia tend to have their own interests, either from the central government or the state or Federation governments. In addition, there tends to be a mismatch between the central and state governments in decision making. In fact, in the context political parties can be a tool for realizing development in a country. Even though there are problems, the results showed that political parties in the Republic of Tatarstan rated quite well in carrying out their functions by the functions of political parties according to the Law of the Russian Federation and the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan concerning Political Parties. The development of political parties in the Tatarstan Republic has played a role in controlling conflicts of interest among the Republic of Tatarstan.

Political parties reflect a democratic state, which is believed to be a condition for modern state life. As institutions for channeling interests, political parties are used as communication with a two-way function, namely, top-down and bottom-up. If this can be carried out well, then political parties' function as political socialization, political participation, political communication, articulation of interests, aggregation of interests, and policymaking can run well to realize the expected political development. The research method used in this research is qualitative research methods. Through qualitative research, the author has created a complex picture, examined words, reviewed detailed reports from the point of view of resource persons, and conducted studies on natural situations. This study aims to determine direction of political parties' development in the Russian Republic of Tatarstan, political parties' function, and political development amid a society in this modern era. The problem in this research is that political parties in Russia tend to have their own interests, either from the central government or the state or Federation governments. In addition, there tends to be a mismatch between the central and state governments in decision making. In fact, in the context political parties can be a tool for realizing development in a country. Even though there are problems, the results showed that political parties in the Republic of Tatarstan rated quite well in carrying out their functions by the functions of political parties according to the Law of the Russian Federation and the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan concerning Political Parties. The development of political parties in the Tatarstan Republic has played a role in controlling conflicts of interest among the Republic of Tatarstan.

The legal approach (Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection) in solving problems related to child protection during the Covid-19 pandemic has not shown optimal results so that an alternative approach is through a holistic approach that will elaborate on the relationship between law and other scientists. Objective: This research aims to: 1). Describe a holistic paradigm from a legal perspective; 2). Describe the concept of a holistic paradigm as an effort to protect children from acts of family-based violence during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This research is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a holistic concept approach. Findings: A holistic approach in law means reinstatement the law with its environment; by reuniting it with society’s realities, it will restore the integrity of the law itself. A holistic approach to child protection in the Covid-19 pandemic era can be learnt in several aspects, namely religious aspects, health aspects, psychological aspects, sociological aspects, economic aspects and legal aspects. Function: This research explains the urgency of the holistic concept that regulates child protection, which means recombining the law with its environment. Novelty: There has not been any research that studies the same topic as that discussed in this article

본 연구는 효과적인 물류관리 및 역물류관리를 위해 기업의 역물류관리에 영향을 미치는 다양한 기업 내부 및 외부 요인들을 검토하고, 역물류성과관리측정 모형을 개발하기 위해 시도되었다. 이를 위해 상대적 중요도와 우선순위를 이해할 수 있도록 추출된 요인과 측정요소를 중심으로 3단계 계층적 구조 모형을 개발하고 AHP를 적용하여 실증연구를 수행하였다. 실증분석 결과 및전략적 시사점은 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, <제1단계> 최상위기준은 역물류관점에서 고려되는 기준으로, 경제적 관점, 사회적 관점, 고객서비스관점, 법적 관점의 4개 관점이 추출되었는데, 이중 법적 관점(0.667)이 가장 중요한 요인인 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, <제2단계> 요인(상위기준)의 역물류 구성요인은 가치 창출, 관리비, 경영성과, 기술혁신, 사회 안전, 사회와 환경 활동, 고용 창출, 장기적 관계, 서비스 차별화, 법률 준수의 10개 요인으로 구성되었는데, 경제적 관점의 경우는 가치 창출(0.521)이, 사회적 관점의 경우는 기술혁신(0.372)이, 고객서비스관점의 경우는 장기적 관계(0.722)가 가장 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 기업이 효과 적인 역물류 성과관리를 위해서는 역물류성과에 영향을 주는 다양한 요인들 중 가장 우선적으로 고려할 사항은 법적 관점 혹은 경제적 관점으로, 경영자는 이에 초점을 두어 의사결정을 해야 함을 시사한다.The purpose of this study is to examine the internal and external factors affecting the reverse logistics management and to develop the reverse logistics performance management measurement model for effective logistics management and reverse logistics management. To do this, this study conducted an empirical study using AHP to understand relative importance and priorities, and developed a three -level hierarchical structure model based on extracted factors and measurement items. Empirical results and strategic implications are summarized as follows. First, <the first level hierarchy> is to consider the four aspects of the economic, social, customer service, and legal aspects of the reverse logistics perspective. Among them, the legal perspective (0.667) was the most important factor. Second, the factors of the reverse logistics of <the second level hierarchy> factors are value creation, management cost, management performance, technology innovation, social safety, social and environmental activity, creation of employment, long term relationship and service differentiation and value creation(0.521) in the economic perspective, technological innovation (0.372) in the social perspective, and long term relationship (0.722) in the customer service perspective were the most important factors. These results suggest that for effective reverse logistics performance management, decision-making should be focused on legal or economic aspects as the most important factors to be influenced by reverse logistics performance.

Literary works in this era of progress have been very developed. The creation of literary works is usually influenced by the literary works that preceded it. The literary work that precedes is used as an example or role model for later literary works. Two or more literary works with the same theme have similarities and differences. Similarities and differences in several literary works can be analyzed using the principle of intertextuality. This principle is intended to examine texts that are considered to have a certain relationship with other texts so that it is possible for a work to become a hypogram for subsequent literary works. In this study the author chose the title " Intertextual Study of the Novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah by Roidah and Novel Asmara Di Atas Haram by Zulkifli L. Muchdi with a Sociological Approach ". Based on the object studied, this study aims to describe: (1) the structure of Roidah's novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah (CBM) and novel Asmara Di Atas Haram (ADH) by Zulkifli L. Muchdi, (2) similarities and differences in the novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah (CBM) by Roidah and novel Asmara Di Atas Haram (ADH) by Zulkifli L. Muchdi, (3) Intertextual relations between Roidah's novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah (CBM) and Zulkifli L. Muchdi's novel Asmara Di Atas Haram (ADH, and (4) sociological aspects of novel Cinta Bertabur Di Langit Mekkah (CBM) by Roidah and novel Asmara Di Atas Haram (ADH) by Zulkifli L. Muchdi. The method used is descriptive analysis method. The results obtained in the research are intrinsic elements of the novel, similarities and differences between the two novels, intertextual relations and sociological aspects which include social aspects, religious aspects, economic aspects, and love aspects.

Clanek analyzuje volebni podporu středových populistických stran v Ceske republice. Na zakladě dat z narodnich volebnich studii a s využitim vybraných teorii volebniho chovani nejde volebni podporu těchto stran vysvětit pomoci tradicnich konfliktnich linii, ale pťedevsim pomoci hodnoceni valencnich charakteristik.

The authors of the article have analyzed the legal, financial and economic aspects of the innovative capacity of the consumer sector of the national economy of Ukraine. The problems that slow down the process of forming the innovative capacity of the consumer sector of the national economy have been identified. The results of theoretical and methodological research of the essence of the innovative capacity of the consumer sector of the national economy have been presented. It has been offered to consider the following the most influential financial and economic aspects for the formation of the innovative capacity of the consumer sector of the national economy: the dynamics of issuing security documents for industrial property facilities in Ukraine; volumes and sources of financing of innovation activity in Ukraine; motivation to intensify innovation activity. It has been concluded that Ukraine has created a regulatory legal base for regulating innovation activity, but it needs further improvement and adaptation to European legislation. It has been determined that the innovative capacity of education as a component of the consumer sector of the national economy is influenced by several factors, namely: the dynamics of budget funding of general secondary educational institutions and the dynamics of changing in the number of such institutions. The authors have suggested the list of resources, which are expedient to involve at acceleration of the process of the formation of innovative capacity of the consumer sector of the national economy.

Over the last two decades, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has been frequently called to pronounce itself on the legitimacy of bans of ethnic political associations or parties on the basis of the European Convention of Human Rights’ (ECHR) Freedom of Assembly and Association clause (Article 11). The Court found, in most cases, a violation on part of the state of article 11. I will look particularly at the Court’s case law concerning the compatibility of the bans of ethnic parties and associations with the rights granted in the Convention to these organisations. But why have certain countries, especially from South Eastern Europe, been particularly targeted by such jurisprudence of the ECtHR? In this article, I will argue that the (Jacobin) state nation concept, which different countries from South Eastern Europe took over from France, can help explain this situation.The article will be subdivided into three parts: The first part of this article will give a general introduction to the democratic paradox of banning political organizations. It will introduce to the jurisprudence of the ECtHR in relation to the violation of article 11 in cases concerning political parties.The second part will look at the ECtHR’s case law concerning the existence of ethnic associations or political parties from Bulgaria, Turkey, Poland, Macedonia and Greece.In the third part, we will clarify why such judgments, particularly relating to ethnic parties, have disproportionately affected certain countries. Most of these countries in fact are inspired by the heritage of the French state nation concept. The state nation concept builds on popular sovereignty, individual rights as opposed to group rights and the principle of the indivisibility of the nation. Although seemingly neutral, these characteristics have an implicit bias against minorities. The article will conclude by arguing that while, in the case of ethnic minorities, the Court has constantly upheld in its jurisprudence the rights of ethnic minorities, therefore reflecting a European standard established in this area, the same cannot be said about religious minorities, particularly when concerning Islam.

New maritime route through the Thai Canal has been proposed since the seventeenth century that would connect the Gulf of Thailand with the Andaman Sea. This waterway is estimated to become an alternate route as opposed to the current routes like the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of the Thai Canal implication to Vietnamese maritime industry will be comprehensively analysed, considering o political, economic, sociological, legal, environmental, and security aspects. We find that the routes through the Thai Canal are largely beneficial to Vietnam, particularly economic aspect. Finally, several policies to maritime business are proposed to boost and reshape the Vietnamese maritime economy.

Infrastructure plays an important role in economic growth and development. Increasingly, infrastructure projects are being developed with investment from private sector. In recent years, India has implemented a large number of roads under public private partnership (PPP) projects. This study is an empirical analysis of the impact of political environment on various project outcomes. The data set for the study comprised 62 completed national highway PPP projects. Our results showed that project technical characteristics influenced project performance more than political factors. Among the different political factors, the factors pertaining to state government were prominent in influencing performance as compared to those of Central Government. The change in state government during the project development phase resulted in higher time overruns. Interestingly, different political parties in the state and Central Government need not necessarily impact the project negatively. Projects developed in states where the state and Central Government are different had lower unit time and lower time overrun. For private investors, our results imply that in a country with strong political and legal systems, project development performance is more dependent on the project technical characteristics and operating environment variables as compared to political factors.

Measures for a "Speedy Conclusion":A Reexamination of Conscription and Civil War Federalism Rachel A. Shelden (bio) The traditional story of northern conscription during the Civil War is a familiar one to scholars and casual readers alike. In this narrative, the states, and particularly governors, maintained control of military recruitment early in the war. Significant Republican losses in both governors' mansions and state legislatures in the November 1862 elections, however, made Republican leaders in Washington wary of leaving the responsibility of raising armies to their political opponents.1 These federal politicians had already begun to implement legislation that strengthened the federal government at the expense of the states in the areas of banking and property rights.2 The 37th [End Page 469] Congress extended these nationalizing tendencies to the military arena through a national conscription act—officially called the Enrollment Act of March 1863.3 By the summer of 1863, the federal government imposed the draft on weakened state and local governments without their help or consent. Yet, the northern public met Congress's conscription act with widespread disapproval, culminating in the weeklong New York City draft riots of July 1863. In effect, the riots symbolized a last public stand against a centralized government.4 After Appomattox, as a result of conscription and other wartime policies, the United States finally became a modern, centralized country.5 This story is now outdated. A reexamination of the path toward national conscription on the national and state levels demonstrates that scholars have [End Page 470] tended to overstate the extent to which the federal government exerted its will over allegedly feeble state governments. Ultimately, not only was the draft enacted with the general compliance of the states, the policy was often proposed, encouraged, and sanctioned by state and local leaders. Using New York as a window into the Civil War relationship between state and national governments, this essay will demonstrate that Lincoln and Congress pursued a conscription policy that state and local representatives had long been considering and promoting.6 To these New York officials, a rigorous prosecution of the war in 1862 and 1863 demanded a draft, whether it should originate from state governments or from the U.S. Congress. This new understanding of conscription contributes to what appears to be a significant paradigm shift in the study of federalism and the Civil War era. While older histories have argued that the war provided the federal government with an opportunity to permanently seize power from the states, recent work on party politics, confiscation, and recruitment by scholars such as Mark Neely, Adam I. P. Smith, Silvana Siddali, and William Blair illustrate a more nuanced relationship among local, state, and federal officials as well as the northern public.7 As these historians show, the federal government [End Page 471] relied on cooperation, conversation, and even advice from party members closer to the ground. A new analysis of northern conscription will further emphasize the complex nature of Civil War federalism. This essay revises the traditional story of Civil War conscription in three ways. First, while most scholars have focused either on federal policymaking or the state response, I examine both levels of government and how they interact.8 The number of letters, directed editorials, telegrams, and visits [End Page 472] among federal, state, and local officials illustrates just how important vertical political relationships were to determining war policy and conscription in particular. These state and local leaders were often able to influence or alter legislation and executive department orders.9 Some even provided advice that would prove essential to Union strategy.10 Furthermore, in the tense atmosphere of Civil War politics, state and local officials often looked to the federal government to propose and enforce somewhat unpopular and politically dangerous measures, like conscription. The relationship between state and federal officials is more complex in the context of divided government. After the 1862 elections, many states found themselves with one branch controlled by Democrats and the other in the hands of Republicans. In the case of New York, Democrat Horatio Seymour—the new governor in the spring of 1863—strongly opposed conscription and has often been historians' focus in portraying a reluctant or resistant state...

This article delves into the parallel natures of both the divine law and animal rights within the religious contexts of the Old and New Testaments. Employing a comparative approach, the paper inspects the developing perspectives on the treatment of animals in biblical scriptures, shedding light on the ethical and legal dimensions embedded in religious teachings. The study investigates key subtopics such as sacrificial rituals and moral imperatives, providing a nuanced understanding of the historical development of attitudes towards animals. Additionally, the analysis of this article encompasses ethical considerations, legal implications, and societal attitudes towards animals, drawing connections between ancient laws and contemporary discourse. Moreover, this article will look at the contemporary needs of society and how religious discourse and juristic principles can be applied to ensure the safety and rights of animals.

Political communication is a form of message delivery characterized by political messages with the aim of influencing the masses. The presence of social media is certainly used as a communication tool by political parties, legislative candidates, government and activists. Social media plays an important role in letting political parties inform the general public about their political activities. Social media is used for political purposes by political parties because with social media the audience can be easily influenced. The aim of this research is to find out how the NasDem political party manages its social media to communicate with the public, especially in terms of increasing the party's popularity and electability. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a sociological approach. The object of this research is the social media of the NasDem Party, which is one of the political parties in Indonesia. The data needed in this research is divided into 2 (two) sources, namely primary data and secondary data. The methods used to search for data in this research were observation, interviews and document study. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the unanimous strategy of the National Democratic Political Party (NasDem) in its efforts to provide a boost to its electoral electability is considered to be running smoothly, and the results benefit the NasDem political party itself. So that the NasDem Political Party has succeeded in proving its ability to compete with other major political parties in Indonesia.&#x0D;

This study aimed to determine the Mamboro Village community's perception of the New Political Party in the 2019 legislative election. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative where interviews and documentation as instruments to collect data. This study aims to determine the political perception of the people in the West Mamboro sub-district towards the new political parties in the 2019 legislative elections. The results show that the political perception (political attitude) of the people of the West Mamboro sub-district towards the presence of new political parties, both from the level of introduction of political parties, the level of the introduction of political party candidates, the level of introduction to political party programs, and the level of knowledge and media introducing these new political parties is very low. This political attitude (political perception) will greatly influence the political preferences of the people in the West Mamboro Village, whose socio-political structure is more likely to be influenced by factors in the social environment where they live. Parents, husbands, mothers and families have a very strong influence in determining political preferences in the 2019 election. Thus, the tendency of West Mamboro people's political preferences towards political parties, one of which is strongly influenced by the acceptability of political figures or figures who are considered to have strong social ties ( sociological approach) with most of the people of West Mamboro.