Peptides derived from extruded amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) improved the anti‐inflammatory effect in LPS‐induced human THP‐1 and mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages by preventing the activation of NF‐κB pathway (1045.3)

Abstract

The objective was to compare the anti‐inflammatory potential of unprocessed and extruded amaranth pepsin/pancreatin hydrolysates in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced human THP‐1 and mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. THP‐1 and RAW 264.7 cells were activated with LPS and treated with unprocessed and extruded amaranth hydrolysates (0.25 to 1.00 mg/mL). Peptides in extruded amaranth hydrolysates displayed antioxidant capacity, angiotensin converting enzyme‐inhibitor activity, antithrombotic and dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitor activity. Extruded amaranth (1 mg/mL) significantly reduced TNF‐α secretion in THP‐1 and RAW 264.7 cells by 36.5% and 33.5%, respectively; with concomitant reduction in PGE2 (15.4% and 31.4%, respectively), and reduction in COX‐2 (38.1% and 67.6%, respectively). Phosphorylation of IKK‐α was significantly reduced by 52.5% and 88.2% leading to reduced phosphorylation of IκB‐α (86.1% and 66.2%, respectively); resulting in reduction in the expression of p‐65 NF‐κB subunits in the nucleus by 64.2% for THP‐1 cells and 70.7% for RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, amaranth hydrolysates inhibited LPS‐induced inflammation in human and mouse macrophages by preventing activation of NF‐κB signaling. Extrusion improved the anti‐inflammatory effect of amaranth hydrolysates in both cell lines, which might be attributed to the production of bioactive peptides during processing.Grant Funding Source: University of Sinaloa Research Grant