Abstract
The most common cause for dental composite failures is secondary caries due to invasive bacterial colonization of the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interface. Innate material weakness often lead to an insufficient seal between the adhesive and dentin. Consequently, bacterial by-products invade the porous a/d interface leading to material degradation and dental caries. Current approaches to achieve antibacterial properties in these materials continue to raise concerns regarding hypersensitivity and antibiotic resistance. Herein, we have developed a multi-faceted, bio-functionalized approach to overcome the vulnerability of such interfaces. An antimicrobial adhesive formulation was designed using a combination of antimicrobial peptide and a ε-polylysine resin system. Effector molecules boasting innate immunity are brought together with a biopolymer offering a two-fold biomimetic design approach. The selection of ε-polylysine was inspired due to its non-toxic nature and common use as food preservative. Biomolecular characterization and functional activity of our engineered dental adhesive formulation were assessed and the combinatorial formulation demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Our antimicrobial peptide-hydrophilic adhesive hybrid system design offers advanced, biofunctional properties at the critical a/d interface.
Highlights
Despite the significant increase in the usage of composite materials in restorative dentistry, their reduced average lifetime remains a major concern [1]
We explore the effects of adding ε-pL to our dental adhesive formulation and incorporating antimicrobial peptide to the adhesive system as part of our approach to provide multiple antibacterial mechanisms
The α-helix secondary structure of the modified GH12 was confirmed through vibrational spectroscopy measurements
Summary
Despite the significant increase in the usage of composite materials in restorative dentistry, their reduced average lifetime remains a major concern [1]. Invasive bacteria can infiltrate weak or impaired regions at the adhesive-dentin (a/d) interface leading to further biodegradation and secondary loss of adhesion, microleakage, and decay [4]. This vulnerable interface has been identified as the weakest link for the reduced durability of modern composite restorations [2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. It is critical to design novel, enhanced composite adhesive formulations aimed to achieve improved interfacial binding and provide protection against bacterial colonization at the susceptible a/d interface
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