Peperomia subgenus Fenestratae: New taxa and nomenclatural changes

In recent years, the Surabaya City Government has revised the nomenclature of executive positions in various government agencies. Implementation of policies on changes in position nomenclature is not always easy. Decree of the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform Number 11 of 2024 concerning Executive Positions for State Civil Apparatus within Government Agencies as the latest legal basis for the use of nomenclature and job classes for agency employees. This research is a descriptive qualitative approach that will provide in-depth insight into how the implementation of policies on changes in the nomenclature of executive positions occurs in the Organization Section of the Surabaya City Regional Secretariat, as well as the factors that influence it. The Organization Section has four variables as factors for successful policy implementation, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The variables have been realized very well, but it is gradual and takes time. Recommendations from this study emphasize the importance of maintaining the synergy of leaders and staff to implement all bureaucratic reform activities. Thus, this research provides valuable insights for other agencies in improving the effectiveness of policy implementation related to changes in the nomenclature of executive positions within the Surabaya City government.

124Taxonomy is concerned with the discovery of biodiversity, its classification, and the establishment of a system of nomenclature that provides unique labels for individual species and thus, a standardized, universal means of communication. Our grasp of the planet’s biodiversity remains incomplete, and this applies to venomous reptiles just as much as to most other taxa. New species are still being discovered regularly, and our understanding of their phylogenetic relationships is constantly evolving. This results inevitably in changes to the scientific names of populations and species of these animals. For toxinologists, following these developments is essential to ensure correct identification of experimental animals, venoms and causes of bites as well as for the development of antivenoms and drug discovery. This chapter summarizes changes in the nomenclature and taxonomy of venomous reptiles over the last 10 years. A total of 102 front-fanged snake species were added to the list, as well as a number of opisthoglyphous colubrids and beaded lizards, mostly through the splitting of previously known species but also due to new discoveries in previously poorly explored regions. Changes in genus-level nomenclature due to new phylogenetic insights also affected a number of well-known groups (seasnakes, Asian green pitvipers, neotropical lanceheads).

Author(s): O’Hare, Jeanette R.; Eisemann, John D.; Fagerstone, Kathleen A. | Abstract: The taxonomic classification of species and their protection status have important pesticide regulatory implications, particularly regarding product label language. Changes in nomenclature may cause confusion for both pesticide applicators and regulators. Such changes may also result in the naming of new species in need of protection, or conversely species whose protected status may no longer be warranted. Over the past several years there have been gradual taxonomic changes within the genus Spermophilus. This change has resulted in splitting Townsend’s ground squirrel (Spermophilus townsendii) into 3 distinct species. In addition to S. townsendii, the Piute ground squirrel (Spermophilus mollis) and Merriam’s ground squirrel (Spermophilus canus) are now recognized. The Townsend’s ground squirrel, as now classified, is restricted to a small region in southwestern Washington. The species with the largest distribution, that was formally included in S. townsendii, is now the Piute ground squirrel (S. mollis). Zinc phosphide pesticide products are used to control a number of ground squirrel species including Townsend’s. However, based on the revised nomenclature, populations of the 2 new species (Piute and Merriam’s ground squirrels) may not be controlled using these zinc phosphide products under existing labels, even though those same populations were previously considered Townsend’s ground squirrels and could be controlled with zinc phosphide products. Potential conflicts with state and federal laws regarding protection of certain species must also be considered. The reclassification of Townsend’s ground squirrel recognizes new species and existing subspecies that are protected or are being considered for protection. In addition, subspecies of the Idaho ground squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus) are afforded various levels of protection under federal and state laws. A discussion of temporal taxonomy changes, geographic distribution, and conservation status of the “Townsend’s ground squirrel” complex and the Idaho ground squirrel is presented here to support the decision process needed to develop appropriate label language for zinc phosphide pesticide products.

Introduction Advanced phenotypic, genomic, and proteomic laboratory techniques have recently modified Streptococcus bovis group (SBG) nomenclature. We wished to determine if physicians continue to recognize the importance of SBG and its association with gastrointestinal (GI) tract abnormalities and infective endocarditis amid the changes in microbiologic identification and nomenclature of these organisms. Methods We reviewed the medical records of adult patients (≥18 years of age) with positive blood cultures for SBG organisms admitted to our 510-bed teaching hospital from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2017. We report the epidemiology, sources of bacteremia, comorbid conditions, courses of treatment, and the mortality for these patients. We also assess the hospital treatment team's (HTT's) knowledge of SBG nomenclature and of the associations of SBG bacteremia and underlying GI disease and infective endocarditis amid the changes in nomenclature of these organisms. Results There were 42 cases of SBG bacteremia during the 12-year study period: 22 in women (52.4%) and 20 in men (47.6%). Patient ages ranged from 51 to 96 years (mean age, 74.3 years; median age, 72.0 years). All but 2 patients had multiple comorbid conditions. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity. Colonoscopy was performed during hospitalization in 22 (52.5%) of 42 patients. The identifiable sources of bacteremia were as follows: lower GI tract in 19 patients (45.2%), upper GI tract in 5 patients (11.9%), Laennec cirrhosis in 3 patients (7.1%), and pancreatic disorders in 2 patients (4.6%). Eleven patients (26.2%) had primary bacteremia. Two patients with primary bacteremia had prior splenectomy. The historic association between SBG bacteremia and underlying GI tract disease was recognized by 37 (88.1%) of 42 HTTs, but all available provider progress notes mention only “colon carcinoma” as the possibly associated GI tract pathology. The historic association of SBG bacteremia with infective endocarditis was recognized in writing by 32 (76.2%) of 42 HTTs. Endocarditis was diagnosed in 12 patients (28.6%): 9 definite endocarditis and 3 possible endocarditis. The mitral valve was the most commonly involved valve. Four SBG isolates were intermediately susceptible to penicillin G with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.125 μg/mL or greater. Twenty-three (54.8%) of 42 SBG strains were resistant or intermediately susceptible to clindamycin. Twenty-four (57.1%) of 42 strains were resistant or intermediately susceptible to erythromycin. All strains were tested for susceptibility to ceftriaxone and vancomycin and retained susceptibility to both antimicrobial agents throughout the study period. Six of 42 patients died, for a mortality rate of 11.9%. Infectious disease consultation was obtained in 35 (80.0%) of 42 patients. Infectious disease consultation was positively associated with survival (P = 0.0041, Fisher exact test). The new nomenclature schemes for prior members of the SBG were recognized by all HTTs because our microbiology laboratory reported each member of the group, regardless of new name, with “bovis group” added to the identification on all positive culture reports. Conclusions Streptococcus bovis group bacteremia is a disease of older adults with all but 3 patients 60 years or older and a mean age at onset of 73.4 years. Most HTTs considered colon carcinoma as a possible source for and infective endocarditis as a potential complication of SBG bacteremia. However, most HTTs were not aware that SBG bacteremia could be associated with nonmalignant colonic lesions especially polyps, Laennec cirrhosis, or with pancreatic, biliary, and upper GI tract anatomic abnormalities. Of our SBG isolates, 54.8% were not sensitive to clindamycin. Clindamycin should not be used for empiric treatment of SBG bacteremia. The ID service should be consulted on all patients with SBG bacteremia because such consultation had a positive correlation with patient survival (P = 0.0041).

Rapid and economical DNA sequencing has resulted in a revolution in phylogenomics. The impact of changes in nomenclature can be perceived as an absolute necessity of scientific rigour, coupled with the slight inconvenience of needing to re-learn names. In relation to practical aspects of microbiology, for example, infectious disease diagnosis, there may, however, be potential dangers. Historically, prokaryote classification has been based on multiple metabolic, physiological, biochemical and descriptive characteristics combined with the environmental source. Whole-genome sequence data have transformed our ability to determine evolutionary relationships. In addition, metagenomic and metataxonomic sequencing have resulted in the discovery of novel microbes, many of which are yet to be cultured. As a result, occasional name changes and additional prokaryote discoveries have accelerated at an unprecedented pace. Herein is a report of a Microbiology Society supported meeting of representatives of the communities of specialist taxonomists, phylogeneticists and applied microbiologists. Discussion included: recent advances in phylogenomics and the potential impact of nomenclature change on practical microbiology, e.g. plant pathology, food security, industrial microbiology, clinical microbiology and infectious diseases; the need, or lack thereof, for wider consideration and consultation prior to nomenclature change proposals which impact on practical microbiology; the application of the intricate and highly necessary rules of prokaryote nomenclature, which sometimes appear unfathomable to the non-specialist; and genome-based phylogenomics and the relationship with the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. The meeting resulted in the formation of the Ad Hoc Committee for Mitigating Changes in Prokaryotic Nomenclature under the auspices of the International Committee on Systematics for Prokaryotes.

Stability is an essential feature both to taxonomy and nomenclature. However, zoology is recently being flooded with countless proposals of taxonomic and/or nomenclatural changes, some of which may be considered premature when poorly supported or based upon overestimated hypotheses. We emphasize that the choice of not proposing nomenclatural and/or taxonomic changes might be as relevant as proposing new hypotheses and, therefore, must be carefully considered. Despite being apparently obvious and intuitive, this option seems to be only rarely cogitated.

The current classification of "green" algae of the Ukraine is presented. The system confirms the morphological-cytological and molecular-biological results of previous studies. A new family Bracteacoccaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae) is described. An independent family Scotiellocystoidaceae (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyceae) is further described and certain nomenclatural changes at the species and infraspecific levels among coccoid green algae are given.

The Liye excavation, commenced in 2002, yielded a significant document: the No. 8-461 ‘wooden tablet of nomenclature changes’ (gengming fang 更名方) from the Qin unification era. With 54 entries outlining the nomenclature changes, it complicates the traditional view of the First Emperor’s ‘unification of Chinese script.’ This paper examines this earliest direct evidence pertaining to the writing standardisation project, focusing on terminology analysis and deciphering previously puzzling entries. This study also evaluates the effectiveness of the language reform by analysing character frequency in contemporaneous documents. It also contextualizes this artefact’s significance within the broader historical context of the newly established ruling order in the Qin Empire.

Power and authority appear to underlie changes in nomenclature resulting from a need to assure and convince the supporters of a new rregime that names which previously symbolised their oppression and domination have become unacceptable and must be replaced by names suiting the ethos of the new, liberating dispensation. New symbols are generated to ensure the acceptability of the new regime and to reflect the new collective values and history which will be prioritised and considered to be of importance. The symbolism underlying changes in nomenclature and the ANC’s realisation of the significance of renaming form the main focus of this article, which is based mainly on newspaper sources. Throughout South Africa the tangible symbolism of the success story of liberation may be identified: in street names commemorating the “terrorists” of the previous era, in the decolonisation of the names of provinces, and in other indisputable testimony that — by means of changes in nomenclature, inter alia — this country has also finally become inherently part of Africa.

The change in the nomenclature of the Islamic Education Management Study Program (MPI) to Educational Management (MP) or Educational Administration (AP) at Islamic Religious Universities (PTKI) has had a significant impact on the development of higher education, especially within the Curup State Islamic Institute (IAIN). The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of changes in nomenclature on the management of study programs, curriculum, as well as the opportunities and challenges faced by students and alumni. The method used case study is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, collecting data through interviews with lecturers, students, alumni and study program managers. This study employs a qualitative descriptive–interpretative analysis to explore the transformation of Islamic education management nomenclature at IAIN Curup. The analysis focuses on understanding meanings, rationales, and implications behind nomenclature changes rather than measuring causal relationships. The research results show that changes in nomenclature open opportunities for graduates to be more accepted in non-Islamic educational institutions and expand job opportunities, but also create challenges related to the loss of Islamic identity in the curriculum and management of study programs. Apart from that, curriculum adjustments and unclear regulations regarding the acceptance of ASN and PPPK are the main issues that must be faced. This research suggests the need for strategies to maintain a balance between developing a more general curriculum and preserving the values of Islamic education in the study program.

Research on the Orchidaceae of the Venezuelan Guayana and neighboring areas has yielded several novelties, new records, and nomenclatural changes. Nine species (one Dichaea, two Lepanthes, one Maxillaria, three Pleurothallis, one Sarcoglottis, and one Uleiorchis), a natural hybrid in Maxillaria, and two subspecies (one Myoxanthus and one Stelis) are newly described. New synonymies are proposed in Campylocentrum, Habenaria, and Octomeria. In addition, several miscellaneous country records are reported. Fifteen of the taxa presented are illustrated. Continued studies related to the orchid treatment for Steyermark et al.'s Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana have yielded several novelties and nomenclatural changes for the orchid flora of the area and from other parts of the Neotropics. These novelties have resulted from the study of material received from several recent expeditions or from the study of critical material mainly at the Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames (AMES), the Herbario Nacional de Venezuela (VEN), and the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO). The taxa are arranged alphabetically by subfamilies, subtribes, and genera, following Dressier (1990). SUBFAMILY CYPRIPEDIOIDEAE Selenipedium steyermarkii Foldats, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 21: 254, fig. 1. 1961. This species was recently collected for the first time outside Venezuela, extending its range into Guyana. Specimens examined. GUYANA. Potaro-Siparuni Region: summit of Mt. Kopinang, 5?00'N, 59?55'W, 1,700-1,800 m, 8 Apr. 1988, Hahn, Judziewicz & Gopaul 4392 (MO, US). SUBFAMILY EPIDENDROIDEAE SUBTRIBE ANGRAECINAE Campylocentrum hondurense Ames, Sched. Orchid. 5: 37. 1923. TYPE: Honduras. Lanc tilla Valley near Tela, 250 ft. altitude, 16 Mar. 1923, Ames II 210 (holotype, AMES). Figure 1. Campylocentrum steyermarkii Foldats, Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 316, f. 4. 1968, syn. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Tachira: El Piiial, Rio Frio, 250-300 m, 27 Aug. 1966, Steyermark & Rabe 96715 (holotype, VEN). Campylocentrum steyermarkii was based on a specimen in young buds with not fully developed spurs; otherwise it is identical to the type of C. hondurense. We have seen living material collected close to the original locality that confirms this idea. Recently C. hondurense has been collected in the Amazon Basin in Venezuela and Peru; this is the first record of this species for Peru. The species is now known from Honduras, Belize, Venezuela, and Peru. It is apparently always cleistogamous. Specimens examined. PERU. Madre de Dios: Tambopata, Cuzco Amaz6nico, Lodge Camp site 1, Plot E, 200 m, 14 June 1989, Niunez et al. 11029 (MO). VENEZUELA. Territorio Federal Amazonas: Rio Mavaca, 1?59'N, 65?6'W, ca. 200 m, 23 Mar. 1988, Ramirez & Laskowski 246 (VEN).

During the routine determinations of many thousands of collections of Carex, ranging from Panama north to Alaska, since the pubilication of K. K. Mackenzie's treatment of the Cariceae (North American Flora Vol. 18, Parts 1-7, 1931-35), extensions in range for several hundred species have come to light. It seems advisable to put these on record, and for the purpose of further bringing Mackenzie's monograph up to date to include notice of changes in nomenclature and new taxa. New records in the present account represent states, provinces or countries for which no citations are given in Mackenzie's work and are based upon specimens identified by the writer. Relatively few records will be found here for the Pacific States since material from this area has been handled chiefly by the late J. W. Stacey and more recently by John Thomas Howell. Some of the records have already been published by the collectors either in miscellaneous notes scattered in periodicals or, in a few instances, in standard state floras, but it seemed best to include even the latter here for the sake of completeness. Changes in nomenclature, new names and new species, subspecies, varieties and forms are indicated (in parentheses when a change in the status of a previously known taxon or material of a newly described one has not been studied by the writer) but transfers and changes in category have been included only for those studied and concurred in by the writer. The material is arranged in the form of two lists, the first being in alphabetical order, where each name, in the case of new records or name-changes, is prefixed by the number employed by Mackenzie for the species. This number is followed by a letter in the case of a new subspecific categories or hybrids or by a fraction in the case of new species. The second list is arranged by states and countries as an aid to botanists working with local florist cs who may be interested in the reports.

British Journal of PharmacologyVolume 169, Issue 4 p. 952-952 CORRIGENDUMFree Access Corrigendum This article corrects the following: A new class of organic nitrates: investigations on bioactivation, tolerance and cross-tolerance phenomena S Schuhmacher, E Schulz, M Oelze, A König, C Roegler, K Lange, L Sydow, T Kawamoto, P Wenzel, T Münzel, J Lehmann, A Daiber, Volume 158Issue 2British Journal of Pharmacology pages: 510-520 First Published online: June 25, 2009 First published: 27 May 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12242AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Since the publication of Schuhmacher et al., (2009) the following correspondence has been published concerning changes in nomenclature affecting this paper: McGrath 2013; Uppu 2013; Daiber 2013. References Daiber A (2013). Response to a letter to the editor by Satvika Uppu. Br J Pharmacol 169: 952– 953. McGrath JC (2013). 2-Aminoethylnitrate: earlier investigation as a drug was missed by recent authors due to changes in nomenclature. Br J Pharmacol 169: 949– 950. Schuhmacher S, Schulz E, Oelze M, König A, Roegler C, Lange K et al. (2009). A new class of organic nitrates: investigations on bioactivation, tolerance and cross-tolerance phenomena. Br J Pharmacol 158: 510– 520. Uppu S (2013). 2-Aminoethylnitrate: pharmacological uses rediscovered and claimed as original. Br J Pharmacol 169: 951. Volume169, Issue4Special Issue: Themed Section: Cannabinoids 2012, Part Two. Guest Editor: Stephen PH AlexanderJune 2013Pages 952-952 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Nomemclature of the proteins of cow's milk: fourth revision.

This article presents the origin of telecommunication in Ibadan City which is linked to the Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan, a documentation of automation transitional phases and changes in nomenclature of the ICT and Systems Division (ICT&SsD) of the Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria from inception. The article exhaustively discusses various stages in the library’s automation experience, starting with standalone system to Local Area Network (LAN) based system to the Internet based system which gives opportunity to implementing interoperability of information system, otherwise known as Resource Sharing (RS). Corollary to this is the discussion on the naming conventions (nomenclatures) which ICT&SsD has witnessed over the years. The methodology used in gathering data was oral interview method. Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was used to analyse the data collected. The Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan has gone through different stages, in terms of library automation software (LAS) being used. This article presents exhaustive explanations on the necessity for changes that occurred since inception. Presently, the Library uses the University of Ibadan Integrated Library Software (UI-ILS). It has web interface to operate the concept of inter-operability of information systems, meaning that the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) can be accessed anywhere, irrespective of Location. This means you do not need to register your physical presence in the library before browsing through the library holdings. Finally, conclusion is presented.