PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI MODUL AJAR MAKANAN DAN SISTEM PENCERNAAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PENCEGAHAN DINI STUNTING SISWA SMA NEGERI 1 TAKALAR

Immunization is a process by which people get immunity against infectious diseases. Objective: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Factors of parents regarding immunization. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research study design was used to assess “knowledge, attitude and practice factors of parents regarding immunization” conducted among 134 people at EPI center of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The population was targeted through convenient sampling technique. Results: The overall result of study shown that parents having good knowledge (70.1%), positive attitude (83.6%) and good practice factors (59%), toward infant Immunization. Parent of child had good knowledge and positive attitude about infant immunization. Immunization was significantly associated with people education. The Cronbach alpha, Bartlett’s and KMO values have been checked to ensure the validity and reliability in our context. The values showed that positive and significant results and tool were considered as reliable and valid for performing statistical analysis. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the most of the participants have good knowledge and positive attitude towards the immunization, but still the one third population having the poor knowledge and negative attitude toward immunization due to the lack of knowledge and religious beliefs about the immunization were reported as the major barriers towards the immunization. The study results showed that health related practice factors were appropriate as health care worker who were daily at EPI center and give significant guidance to the parents.

Background: The slow increase in the proportion of contraceptive use despite the availability of a wide range of contraceptive methods accounts for the continuous unacceptably high Maternal Mortality Rates (MMR) in Cameroon. The birth of babies at intervals less than two years also contributes to high MMR. Some factors have been found to influence the practice of family planning. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of women of child-bearing age (WOCBA) towards family planning and to identify factors that limit family planning practices in the Molyko Health Area (MHA). Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was used to investigate knowledge and attitude towards family planning and identify factors that limit family planning practices. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the study area and sites (quarters) respectively. The purposive sampling method was employed to select the study area, which was the MHA while the simple random sampling technique was used to select seven out of the 12 quarters in the MHA. The participants were enrolled from the seven quarters in the MHA. Participants were made up of 176 WOCBA (15-49years) who were enrolled by purposive and consecutive convenient sampling methods; two participants per household in the selected quarters. Only participants who gave their consent to participate in the study were included. Data was collected from May to June 2022 using a semi-structured pretested questionnaire. Based on the number of questions for each section, participants who scored 50% and more for the section on knowledge were said to be knowledgeable (good knowledge) while those who scored below 50% had poor knowledge (not knowledgeable). Similarly, those who scored 50% and above for the section on attitude were said to have positive (good) attitude while those who scored below 50% had negative (poor) attitude. Data collected was entered into Microsoft excel and analysed using SPSS version 26.0l. Descriptive statistic was used to describe study participants. Chi-square test was used to determine association between variables. Results: Out of the 176 participants, 10(5.7%) were disabled. Majority 106(62%) of the study participants had poor knowledge on family planning. Also, 150(87.7%) had poor attitude towards family planning. Most 94(55.5%) participants mentioned having used family planning services; among them, 20 (33.3%) reported that the non-supportive partner influenced their practices, 13(21.7%) said they stopped taking contraceptives due to non-effectiveness and 5(8.3%) said they had a fear of being judged. There was no association between marital status and knowledge level of the participants; however, there was an association between the level of knowledge and family planning practices (P=0.001). Conclusion: Most of the participants had poor knowledge and poor attitude towards family planning, which needs attention. The major factors that limit family planning practices were the lack of a supportive partner and fear of side effects. Adequate information about family planning services needs to be disseminated.

The objective of this study was to examine the levels and determinants of knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 among adult people in Bangladesh, using data from an online survey, conducted in May 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed to extract findings from data. The survey covered 993 respondents. A high level (78.4%) of effective knowledge and positive attitude (78.6%) were observed among the Bangladeshi people. More than eighty percent of the respondents could correctly mention at least one important symptom, mode of transmission, and preventive measures of COVID-19. Good knowledge and positive attitudes were found to be significantly higher among males, living in Dhaka city, having a higher level of education, health professionals, and the wealthiest people. Knowledge about COVID-19 has significant association with positive attitude of people towards COVID-19. Despite the high level of knowledge and positive attitudes, there still prevails some misconceptions among a group of people, as one-third of the respondents opined that COVID-19 is a divine punishment and 13% were in favor of keeping it secrete if COVID-19 infection happen to them. The findings underscore the need for more educational program and behavior change communication (BCC) for the subgroups of the population that has been identified with poor knowledge and negative attitudes towards COVID-19.

Although several studies have been conducted on COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and prevention practices among healthcare workers and the general population, there has not been any study among taxi drivers in Ethiopia, including Dessie City and Kombolcha Town, the lack of which hinders providing evidence-based interventions to this target group. Thus, this study was designed to contribute to proper planning of COVID-19 intervention measures among taxi drivers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 taxi drivers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town during July to August, 2020. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. The collected data was checked, coded and entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 for data cleaning and analysis. The outcome variables of this study were good or poor knowledge, positive or negative attitude and good or poor frequent hand hygiene practices towards COVID-19. Bivariate (Crude Odds Ratio [COR]) and multivariable (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]) logistic regression analysis were employed to identify factors significantly associated with good knowledge, positive attitude and good frequent hand hygiene practices among taxi drivers. Significance level of variables was declared at a p < 0.05 from the adjusted analysis. Out of the total 417 taxi drivers, 69.8% [95% CI: 65.2-73.9], 67.6% [95%CI: 63.1-72.2] and 66.4% [95% CI: 62.1-71.0] of the drivers had good knowledge, positive attitude and good frequent hand hygiene practices, respectively. Educational level (AOR = 7.55, 95% CI = 4.55-12.54), place of residence (AOR = 5.41, 95% CI = 1.4-20.08) and attitude towards COVID-19 prevention (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.02-2.74) were factors associated with good knowledge about COVID-19. Further, age of taxi drivers greater than 30 years (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.76-5.13), educational level of secondary or above (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.88-5.31), income (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.48-7.61), and knowledge about COVID-19 (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.21-3.54) were factors associated with positive attitude towards COVID-19 prevention. In addition, attitude towards COVID-19 (AOR = 5.5, 95% CI = 3.40-8.88) and educational level (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.15-2.95) were the factors associated with good frequent hand hygiene practices. We concluded that the rates of good knowledge, positive attitude and good frequent hand hygiene practices were relatively low among taxi drivers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town. We strongly recommended providing training about COVID-19 prevention measures for taxi drivers that considers age, education status and attitude areas essential to improve their knowledge, attitude and frequent hand hygiene practices to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

BackgroundAlthough several studies have been conducted on COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and prevention practices among healthcare workers and the general population, there has not been any study among taxi drivers in Ethiopia, including Dessie City and Kombolcha Town, the lack of which hinders providing evidence-based interventions to this target group. Thus, this study was designed to contribute to proper planning of COVID-19 intervention measures among taxi drivers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 taxi drivers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town during July to August, 2020. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. The collected data was checked, coded and entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 for data cleaning and analysis. The outcome variables of this study were good or poor knowledge, positive or negative attitude and good or poor frequent hand hygiene practices towards COVID-19. Bivariate (Crude Odds Ratio [COR]) and multivariable (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]) logistic regression analysis were employed to identify factors significantly associated with good knowledge, positive attitude and good frequent hand hygiene practices among taxi drivers. Significance level of variables was declared at a p < 0.05 from the adjusted analysis.Main findingsOut of the total 417 taxi drivers, 69.8% [95% CI: 65.2–73.9], 67.6% [95%CI: 63.1–72.2] and 66.4% [95% CI: 62.1–71.0] of the drivers had good knowledge, positive attitude and good frequent hand hygiene practices, respectively. Educational level (AOR = 7.55, 95% CI = 4.55–12.54), place of residence (AOR = 5.41, 95% CI = 1.4–20.08) and attitude towards COVID-19 prevention (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.02–2.74) were factors associated with good knowledge about COVID-19. Further, age of taxi drivers greater than 30 years (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.76–5.13), educational level of secondary or above (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.88–5.31), income (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.48–7.61), and knowledge about COVID-19 (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.21–3.54) were factors associated with positive attitude towards COVID-19 prevention. In addition, attitude towards COVID-19 (AOR = 5.5, 95% CI = 3.40–8.88) and educational level (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.15–2.95) were the factors associated with good frequent hand hygiene practices.ConclusionWe concluded that the rates of good knowledge, positive attitude and good frequent hand hygiene practices were relatively low among taxi drivers in Dessie City and Kombolcha Town. We strongly recommended providing training about COVID-19 prevention measures for taxi drivers that considers age, education status and attitude areas essential to improve their knowledge, attitude and frequent hand hygiene practices to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Researcher conducted a non-experimental descriptive study to assess the knowledge and attitude among diabetes mellitus patients with a view to develop a self-instructional module on prevention of complication of diabetes mellitus in selected hospital, Ahmedabad. The objective of the study was: 1) To assess the knowledge on prevention of complication of diabetes mellitus among diabetes mellitus patients 2) To assess the attitude on prevention of complication of diabetes mellitus among diabetes mellitus patients 3) To develop self- instructional module on prevention of complication of diabetes mellitus among diabetes mellitus patients 4) To find out association between knowledge and attitude scores with their selected demographic variable. A quantative research approach was used in research design. The research used purposive sampling method for selecting 100 patients. Structure knowledge questionnaires and attitude Likert’s scale was used were reliable. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. In this study out of 100 sample 0 sample having poor knowledge was 0%, 54 sample having average knowledge was 54% and 46 sample having good knowledge was 46%. In attitude score showing 44 sample having negative attitude was 44% and 56 sample having positive attitude was 56% regarding prevention of complication of diabetes mellitus. The mean knowledge scores were 26.79 and Standard deviation of knowledge score was 3.52.in association knowledge with age include calculated value of chi-square was 31.71. And tabulated value was 12.59. In attitude score association with gender include chi-square calculated value was 8.89 and tabulated value was 3.84. In this study through the chi-square test association of knowledge and attitude with the selected demographic variable include knowledge was associated with age and attitude was associated with the gender. It revealed that diabetes mellitus patient having average knowledge and positive attitude regarding prevention of complication of diabetes mellitus. the association between knowledge and attitude with selected demographic variable by using chi-square test revealed that there was significant association at p&lt; 0.05 level of significance. After this study with a view to develop the self-instructional module on prevention of complication of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, diabetes mellitus, complication

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition marked by recurrent seizures, which differ widely in type and frequency. Globally, many families lack accurate information about epilepsy and may be misinformed by unreliable sources, often resulting in negative attitudes toward their children who have epilepsy. The aim of this study is to assess parental knowledge and attitude regarding epilepsy and identify the predictors affecting the knowledge and attitude in Arar city, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Arar, Saudi Arabia, among 66 parents. A self-administered online questionnaire was disseminated between January and April 2024, and responses were collected anonymously. Surveys were distributed at the Maternity and Children Hospital in Arar, Saudi Arabia. The Cronbach's alpha for the knowledge domain was 0.55, indicating moderate reliability, and for the attitude domain it was 0.42, indicating poor reliability. Principal component analysis revealed that the knowledge domain loaded on two components explaining 59.44% of the variance in responses and the attitude domain loaded on three components explaining 61.16% of the variance in responses.Of the total respondents, 11 (16.7%) had good knowledge, 13 (19.7%) had fair knowledge, and 42 (63.6%) had poor knowledge. Of the total respondents, 38 (57.5%) had a good attitude, 17 (25.8%) had a fair attitude, and 11 (16.7%) had a poor attitude. The multiple linear regression analysis for the knowledge score revealed that a child's treatment duration of 6-10 years significantly increased the knowledge score by 1.75 (95%CI: 0.28 - 3.23, p=0.021). The attitude score revealed that a secondary or higher educational level significantly improved it by 1.95 (95%CI: 0.03 - 3.86, p=0.046), while an intermediate educational level non-significantly improved the attitude score by 1.40 (95%CI: -0.99 - 3.78, p=0.245). Employment status significantly decreased the attitude score by -0.79 (95%CI: -1.34 - -0.24, p=0.006). Additionally, a treatment duration of 6-10 years significantly improved the attitude score by 1.21 (95%CI: 0.12 - 2.29, p=0.030). Our study highlights a notable disparity between poor knowledge and positive attitudes among the parents surveyed. This underscores the imperative for targeted health education initiatives and awareness campaigns aimed at equipping parents with a comprehensive understanding of their children's condition.

IntroductionChallenges in the achievement of good menstrual hygiene management in resource poor settings have been well documented and are linked to deleterious effect on women's health. This study was an attempt to assess the vulnerability with regards to menstrual health among the migrant population residing in urban slums in Udupi taluk. MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 migrant women in reproductive age group using a predesigned 31- item questionnaire.The domains of knowledge, attitude and practice about menstrual hygiene were categorized into poor and adequate knowledge, positive and negative attitude, and poor and good practice by using median as a cut off. ResultsOut of the 392 study subjects who participated in the study 31%,27% and 41% of them had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice regarding menstrual hygiene respectively. Good knowledge was significantly associated with better standard of living (p < 0.001, OR = 3.612, CI = 2.159–6.042). Attitude was significantly almost five times better in women with more than ten years of schooling as compared to illiterates and school drop outs (p < 0.001, OR = 4.655, CI = 2.360–9.179). With regards to standard of living, adherence to good menstrual hygiene practice was better in women belonging to middle as compared to those of low class. (p = 0.001, OR = 2.730, CI = 1.502–4.962). ConclusionThe findings show an overall poor knowledge, attitude and practice towards menstrual health. This displays an urgent need of conducting health promotional activities to impart appropriate knowledge regarding hygienic practices during menstrual periods and simultaneously address to the misconceptions linked with it.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the association between knowledge, attitude, and practice and to identify barriers to compliance with follow-up and treatment regimes. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, M.G.M. Medical College and L.S.K. Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar. It was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and thirty patients were enrolled for the study. Knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was formulated [1]. For fundus examination direct ophthalmoscope, indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp with 90D lens, and optical coherence tomography were used. Results: In the assessment of knowledge and attitude, 56.92% of participants exhibited good knowledge and a positive attitude, while 43.08% had poor knowledge and a negative attitude regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR). Regarding practice, 43.08% demonstrated good practice, whereas 56.92% showed poor practice. Correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding DR. Among individuals with good knowledge and positive attitudes, 48 had good practice, while 26 had poor practice. Among individuals with poor knowledge and negative attitudes, eight had good practice, while 48 had poor practice. The statistical analysis reveals a significant correlation between knowledge and practice (Chi-square=33.2572, p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: A significant correlation between knowledge of diabetes and practice regarding DR is noted. Individuals with better knowledge tend to exhibit better practices related to DR screening and management. There is a notable association between knowledge of DR, attitude toward the condition, and practice regarding DR. Individuals with better knowledge generally tend to have a more positive attitude and thus exhibit better practices toward diabetes and DR management and care.

Sales and marketing personnel are among the most knowledgeable individuals regarding the safety of the medications they promote. No previous work has assessed pharmaceutical sales and marketing personnel’s knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and barriers toward pharmacovigilance (PV) in Saudi Arabia; therefore, the present study aimed to assess these aspects and to scrutinize their associations with the subjects’ baseline characteristics. A validated questionnaire comprising five sections (baseline characteristics, knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers) was disseminated via email networks and social media platforms between 18 March and 31 May 2025. All employees working in the sales and marketing departments of pharmaceutical companies in Saudi Arabia were eligible to participate. Participants’ responses were categorized as good or poor knowledge, positive or negative attitude, good or poor practice, and challenging or non-challenging work environment, based on the cumulative score in each respective section, using a 60% cutoff. A total of 400 participants completed the survey. Of these, about one-third (37.3%) had 2–4 years of professional experience and two-thirds (63%) were employed by multinational companies. Overall, 57% and 83.5% had good knowledge and positive attitude, respectively. The work environment was considered non-challenging by 92.8% of participants, and 61% reported good practice. We noted that holding a non-pharmacy degree was a significant predictor of poor knowledge and a challenging work environment. Additionally, employment in a local company was significantly associated with poor knowledge and practice. Pharmaceutical sales and marketing personnel in Saudi Arabia demonstrated acceptable levels of KAP and reported few barriers toward PV, with an opportunity for improvement.

Advance life support is the basic intervention to deal with cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest has no time, place, or personal boundaries. According to WHO, it is estimated that about 23 million of people will die every year due to cardiovascular diseases and the chances of cardiac arrest are greater in people who have history of cardiovascular diseases. Advanced life support training consists of a set of life-saving protocols, interventions, and skills. Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge and attitude of critical care nurses regarding Advanced Life Support (ALS) skills and to assess association between level of knowledge and attitude and demographic characteristics of nurses. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among critical care nurses of Punjab Institute of Cardiology. About 115 nurses were selected through convenient sampling method. The study was completed in four months from October 2023 to January 2024. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Results: Findings of study showed that 18 participants were male and 97 were female. Overall results indicated that 8.7% (n=10) nurses have poor knowledge, 39.1% (n=45) have average knowledge, 43.5% (n=50) have a good knowledge and only 8.7% (n=10) have excellent knowledge. On the other side, 71.3% (n=82) have a positive attitude and 28.7% (n=33) have negative attitude regarding ALS. Conclusions: A significant proportion of nurses have average to good knowledge and positive attitude. Only a few nurses have poor knowledge and negative attitude.

BackgroundThe convergence of healthcare and artificial intelligence (AI) introduces a transformative era in medical practice. However, the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers concerning the adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare are currently unknown. AimsThe primary objective was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, regarding the adoption of AI in healthcare. MethodsA cross-sectional research design was employed, incorporating a dual-method approach to select participants using randomness and convenience sampling techniques. Validity was ensured through a literature review, content validity, and reliability assessment (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85), and exploratory factor analysis identified robust underlying factors. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, including Fisher's exact tests, multivariate logistic regression, and Pearson correlation analysis, conducted using STATA software, providing a comprehensive understanding of healthcare workers' AI adoption in healthcare. ResultsThis study revealed that age was a significant factor, with individuals aged 18-25 and 26-35 having higher odds of good knowledge and positive attitudes (AOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.12–2.43; AOR 1.42, 95% CI 0.98–2.34). Physicians (AOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.78–1.89), hospital workers (AOR 1.29, 95% CI 0.92–2.09), and full-time employees (AOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12–2.34) exhibited higher odds. Attending AI conferences (AOR 1.27, 95% CI 0.92–2.23) and learning through research articles/journals (AOR 1.31, 95% CI 0.98–2.09) were positively associated with good knowledge and positive attitudes. This research also emphasized the strong correlations between knowledge and positive attitudes (r = 0.89, P < 0.001), as well as negative attitudes with poor knowledge (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). ConclusionsThe study highlights the critical need for targeted educational interventions to bridge the knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals regarding AI adoption. The findings reveal that younger healthcare workers, those in full-time employment, and individuals with exposure to AI through conferences or research are more likely to possess good knowledge and hold positive attitudes towards AI integration. These results suggest that policies and training programs must be tailored to address specific demographic differences, ensuring that all groups are equipped to engage with AI technologies. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of continuous professional development, which could foster a workforce capable of harnessing AI’s potential to improve patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.

BackgroundMothers’ poor knowledge and negative attitude towards breastfeeding may influence practices and constitute barriers to optimizing the benefits of the baby-friendly initiative. This study assessed breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and techniques of postures, positioning, hold practice and latch-on among Nigerian mothers from a Semi-Urban community.MethodsThree hundred and eighty three consenting lactating mothers who have breastfed for 6 months and up to two years volunteered for this cross-sectional survey, yielding a response rate of 95.7%. A self-administered questionnaire that sought information on maternal socio-demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes and breastfeeding techniques of mothers was employed.ResultsBased on cumulative breastfeeding knowledge and attitude scores, 71.3% of the respondents had good knowledge while 54.0% had positive attitude. Seventy one point three percent practiced advisable breastfeeding posture. Sitting on a chair to breastfeed was common (62.4%); and comfort of mother/baby (60.8%) and convenience (29.5%) were the main reasons for adopting breastfeeding positions. Cross-cradle hold (80.4%), football hold technique (13.3%), breast-to-baby (18.0%) and baby-to-breast latch-on (41.3%) were the common breastfeeding techniques. A majority of the respondents (75.7%) agreed that neck flexion, slight back flexion, arm support with pillow and foot rest was essential during breastfeeding. There was no significant association between breastfeeding posture practice and each of cumulative breastfeeding knowledge score levels (X2 = 0.044; p = 0.834) and attitude score levels (X2 = 0.700; p = 0.403).ConclusionNigerian mothers demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitude towards breastfeeding. Most of the mothers practiced advisable breastfeeding postures, preferred sitting on a chair to breastfeed and utilized cross-cradle hold and baby-to-breast latch-on.

To assess clinicians' knowledge, attitude and associated factors towards patients' early mobilization in intensive care units in the tertiary hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. A multi-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted at the tertiary hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia from April to June, 2022. Data were collected by using self-administered, structured questionnaire; ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed and associations were described in adjusted odds ratios. A total of 304 clinicians were included (response rate of 89.7%). The proportions of poor, fair and good knowledge towards early mobilization in intensive care unit among clinicians were 16.8%, 57.9% and 25.3%, respectively; while that of negative, fair and positive attitude were 16.4%, 60.2% and 23.4%, respectively. Factors associated with better knowledge were being a physiotherapist (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9, confidence interval = 1.2-6.7), having a total work experience >5 years (adjusted odds ratio = 4.6, confidence interval = 1.7-12.1), having an intensive care unit work experience >5 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.8, confidence interval = 1.1-6.8), previous in-service training (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, confidence interval = 1.1-3.0) and reading guidelines (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, confidence interval = 1.1-3.2). Better attitude was associated with in-service training (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, confidence interval = 1.2-3.1), attending early mobilization courses (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, confidence interval = 1.1-3.0), presence of mobilization advocators (adjusted odds ratio = 1.7, confidence interval = 1.0-2.8), good knowledge (adjusted odds ratio = 2.6, confidence interval = 1.2-5.8) and fair knowledge (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5, confidence interval = 1.3-4.8). Most of the clinicians had demonstrated fair knowledge and attitude towards early mobilization in intensive care unit. However, there were significant proportion of clinicians who had poor knowledge and negative attitude. We recommended active engagement of physiotherapists and experienced clinicians in intensive care units. Clinicians need to have self-learning habits and attend regular training/courses related to early mobilization in intensive care unit.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) poses a major health burden among the Tharu community in Bardiya, Nepal, where gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices hinder effective disease prevention and management. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding SCD among the Tharu community in Bardiya District in Nepal. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 individuals from the Tharu community across 3 municipalities in Bardiya District, Nepal, from April to September 2024, using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Pearson’s chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed at a 5% significance level to determine the associated factors. Of the total, 74.5% of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge, 70% exhibited positive attitudes toward SCD, while 81.8% displayed poor practices. Illiteracy and occupations such as laborer, farmer, housewife, and others were significantly associated with poor knowledge, negative attitudes, and poor practices. Male gender was linked to both poor knowledge and poor practice. Belonging to lower wealth quintiles was associated with negative attitudes and poor practices. Being aged ≥30 years was associated with poor practice only. Despite good knowledge and positive attitudes, SCD-related practices were poor among the Tharu community, influenced by age, gender, education, occupation, and income. Targeted, culturally appropriate interventions including awareness campaigns, school-based education, accessible screening, and genetic counseling are essential to improve practices and reduce SCD burden in Nepal.