Abstract
Oil palm plantations in Riau are very extensive and developed on marginal land. The utilization of oil palm plant for soybean cultivation is an alternative to increasing soybean production in Riau, because soybeans are classified as plants that tolerant to shade. The research aimed to study the interaction of biochar and Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer on growth and yield of soybeans and diversity of soil macrofauna in inter-rows of oil palm plant. The research was conducted in Pekanbaru, carried out in 7-year-old oil palm plant and soil science laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau from April-August 2018. The research was done experimentally in a 3x3 factorial form using a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor is biochar from coconut shell consists of 3 levels (0, 2,5 and 5 ton.ha-1). The second factor is Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer consists of 3 levels (0, 2,5 and 5 ton.ha-1). The parameters observed were plant height, pods per plant, percentage of pithy pods, seeds per plant, seed weight per plot, weight of 100 seeds, population density and relative density of soil macrofauna, and diversity index of soil macrofauna. The results showed 2,5 ton.ha-1 biochar followed by 2,5 ton.ha-1 Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer increased the number of pods per plant compared to controls. The total individuals and population of soil macrofauna increased at 5 ton.ha-1 biochar followed by 5 ton.ha-1 Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer with the family that was often found, namely Scarabaeidae. The diversity index of soil macrofauna is low.
Highlights
Oil palm plantations in Riau are very extensive and developed on marginal land
The results showed 2,5 ton.ha-1 biochar followed by 2,5 ton.ha-1 Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer increased the number of pods per plant compared to controls
Pengaruh keanekaragaman mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah terhadap dekomposisi bahan organik ta-naman di bawah tegakan sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria)
Summary
Tabel 1 menunjukkan pemberian biochar meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dibanding tanpa biochar atau biochar 5 ton.ha-1. Pemberian biochar dengan pupuk hijau Calopogonium mucunoides masing-masing 2,5 ton.ha-1 diduga mampu memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah menjadi lebih baik dan menambah ketersediaan hara P di dalam tanah, sehingga ketersediaan hara tercukupi untuk pertumbuhan tanaman terutama pertumbuhan polong tanaman. Pemberian biochar 5 ton.ha-1 diikuti pupuk hijau dosis 0, 2,5 atau 5 ton.ha-1 menurunkan jumlah polong per tanaman, hal ini diduga penambahan biochar 5 ton.ha-1 dapat meningkatkan pH yang diikuti dengan meningkatnya jumlah biota tanah karena pH tanah tersebut sesuai untuk pertumbuhannya. Pemberian biochar 2,5 ton.ha-1 diduga dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah pada lahan kelapa sawit sehingga akar tanaman mampu memaksimalkan penyerapan hara di dalam tanah dengan baik untuk pembentukan biji kedelai. Hal ini disebabkan rendahnya intensitas cahaya matahari pada lokasi penelitian akibat dari tajuk tanaman kelapa sawit yang menutupi tanaman kedelai sehingga tanaman tidak mampu berfotosintesis dengan baik yang menyebabkan pembentukan biji dan pengisian polong terhambat. Sejalan dengan itu Jomol et al (2000) menambahkan faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil kedelai adalah cahaya yang diterima oleh tanaman dan apabila tanaman kedelai ternaungi dengan intensitas naungan 30% dapat menurunkan hasil sebesar 30-50%
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