Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of scoliosis and usually affects young girls. Studies mostly describe the differences between scoliotic and non-scoliotic girls and focus primarily on a single set of parameters derived from spinal and pelvis morphology, posture or standing imbalance. No study addressed all these three biomechanical aspects simultaneously in pre-braced AIS girls of different scoliosis severity but with similar curve type and their interaction with scoliosis progression. The first objective of this study was to test if there are differences in these parameters between pre-braced AIS girls with a right thoracic scoliosis of moderate (less than 27°) and severe (more than 27°) deformity. The second objective was to identify which of these parameters are related to the Cobb angle progression either individually or in combination of thereof. Forty-five scoliotic girls, randomly selected by an orthopedic surgeon from the hospital scoliosis clinic, participated in this study. Parameters related to pelvis morphology, pelvis orientation, trunk posture and quiet standing balance were measured. Generally moderate pre-brace idiopathic scoliosis patients displayed lower values than the severe group characterized by a Cobb angle greater than 27°. Only pelvis morphology and trunk posture were statistically different between the groups while pelvis orientation and standing imbalance were similar in both groups. Statistically significant Pearson coefficients of correlation between individual parameters and Cobb angle ranged between 0.32 and 0.53. Collectively trunk posture, pelvis morphology and standing balance parameters are correlated with Cobb angle at 0.82. The results suggest that spinal deformity progression is not only a question of trunk morphology distortion by itself but is also related to pelvis asymmetrical bone growth and standing neuromuscular imbalance.
Highlights
Scoliosis is a three-dimensional (3D) deformation of the spine and rib cage resulting in a prominent trunk distortion
Few addressed a combination of different types of parameters, for instance, curve type and postural sway [7] or body posture and standing stability [8] in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)
45 scoliotic girls were randomly selected by an orthopedic surgeon from the hospital scoliosis clinic based on the definition given by Bunnell [20]
Summary
Scoliosis is a three-dimensional (3D) deformation of the spine and rib cage resulting in a prominent trunk distortion. Its more common form is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) usually affects young girls [1]. Most studies describe the differences between scoliotic and non-scoliotic girls and focus primarily on a single set of parameters derived from spinal and pelvis morphology [2], posture [3,4] or standing imbalance [5,6]. Fewer reported differences in untreated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis of different severities for standing balance [9,10] and pelvis morphology asymmetries [11]. No one as yet combined all three aspects in a single study and their relation to spinal deformity progression in untreated AIS of different severity
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