Abstract
Accident data show that leg injuries are the most common injuries in non-fatal pedestrian traffic accidents. The investigation reported in this article focuses on evaluating the pedestrian protection provided by the front bumpers of three different types of current Japanese vehicle: sedan, sport utility vehicle and K-car (engine displacement of 660 cc or less). The investigation used the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) legform impactor. The protection performance related to knee ligament injury and tibia fracture greatly depended on the vehicle's frontal shape and the stiffness of both the bumper and the bonnet or grill of the vehicle. The study showed that for the three vehicles tested, the pedestrian leg protection performance at the bumper centre location was excellent but the performance of the bumper in front of the longitudinal members was poor.
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