Abstract
For a given source-destination pair in multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), an optimal route is the one with the lowest energy consumptions that usually consists of the same relay nodes even under different transmission tasks. However, this will lead to the unbalanced payload of the relay nodes in the multi-hop UASNs and accelerate the loss of the working ability for the entire system. In this paper, we propose a node payload balanced ant colony optimal cooperative routing (PB-ACR) protocol for multi-hop UASNs, through combining the ant colony algorithm and cooperative transmission. The proposed PB-ACR protocol is a relay node energy consumption balanced scheme, which considers both data priority and residual energy of each relay node, aiming to reduce the occurrence of energy holes and thereby prolong the lifetime of the entire UASNs. We compare the proposed PB-ACR protocol with the existing ant colony algorithm routing (ACAR) protocol to verify its performances in multi-hop UASNs, in terms of network throughput, energy consumption, and algorithm complexity. The simulation results show that the proposed PB-ACR protocol can effectively balance the energy consumption of underwater sensor nodes and hence prolong the network lifetime.
Highlights
Inspired by the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), researchers have started to develop Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) to exploit marine resources in order to alleviate the resource shortages faced by human societies on land [1]
We propose a novel cooperative routing protocol, refers to as the node payload balanced ant colony optimal cooperative routing (PB-ACR) protocol, for multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs)
2) Node payload balance in UASNs is considered in the design of ant colony algorithm to avoid energy holes and prolong the entire system lifetime, which is more critical for UASNs compared to terrestrial wireless networks because the more difficulty in battery charging or replacement
Summary
Inspired by the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), researchers have started to develop Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) to exploit marine resources in order to alleviate the resource shortages faced by human societies on land [1]. The main contributions are as follows: 1) In the proposed PB-ACR protocol, the ant colony algorithm is combined with the DCC technique to solve the complex routing problem of multi-hop UASNs with both relay and cooperative nodes. The proposed protocol helps to give full play to the advantages of intelligent algorithms in solving such a complex routing optimization, and the advantages of DCC technique in improving robustness and frequency utilization of underwater acoustic channels for UASNs. 2) Node payload balance in UASNs is considered in the design of ant colony algorithm to avoid energy holes and prolong the entire system lifetime, which is more critical for UASNs compared to terrestrial wireless networks because the more difficulty in battery charging or replacement. In [4], we left an open problem of how to design the routing protocol for the multi-hop DCC transmission, where the existence of both relay nodes and collaboration nodes will make the routing problem more challenging and this is the issue addressed in this paper
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
