Patients With a High Femoroepiphyseal Roof With Concomitant Borderline Hip Dysplasia and Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Do Not Demonstrate Inferior Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Hip Surgery

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) in patients with borderline hip dysplasia and hip instability defined radiographically using the femoroepiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index and in patients without radiographic evidence of hip instability. Data from consecutive patients with borderline hip dysplasia (lateral center edge angle between 18˚-25˚) who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between April 2012 and June 2017 for the treatment of FAIS were analyzed. Baseline demographic data, radiographic parameters, preoperative, and 2-year postoperative patient-reported outcome measures were collected. The FEAR index was measured by 3 different observers. Patients with an average FEAR index ≥2˚ were categorized as having radiographic evidence of instability as previously published. The analysis was powered to detect a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for each outcome score. Statistical analysis was performed as appropriate to compare patients with FEAR index ≥2 and <2°. A total of 140 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age and body mass index of included patients was 31.7 ± 13.2 (P < .325) years and 25.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2 (P < .862). There were no statistically significant demographic differences between the groups. Nineteen (13.0%) patients were found to have a FEAR index of over 2˚. The FEAR index <2° and FEAR index ≥2° groups had a mean preoperative FEAR index (standard deviation, range) of-7.0 (5.2,-26.8 to 1.9) and 4.8 (2.5, 2.0-11.8), respectively. The interrater intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.96. Postoperative patient-reported outcomes and rates of MCID and patient-acceptable symptomatic state achievement were not statistically different between the radiographically stable and unstable groups. (p>0.05 for all). Patients with borderline hip dysplasia and radiographic evidence of hip instability, as measured by the FEAR index (≥2°), achieve similar improvement in 2-year outcomes compared to those with radiographically stable hips after arthroscopic treatment of FAIS. Retrospective Level III cohort study.