Pathological alterations in Meibomian gland dysfunction as an important factor in ocular surface disease

Abstract

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this presentation is to synthesize a clinical description of Meibomian gland disease (MGD) diagnosis, classification, and treatments currently available and in development. Methods The lipid content of Meibomian glands secretion varies with age and lid disease, and it contributes to the lipid component of the tear film by providing polar and nonpolar lipids. The lipids function as surfactant and barrier, provide structural support for the tear film, and are chiefly responsible for creating a smooth optical surface for the cornea. Meibomian gland disease (MGD) is one of the most common ocular disease characterized by an alteration of the lipids and therefore of all the ocular surface components, causing visual function changes and symptoms of discomfort. Results The contribution of MGD to ocular surface disease includes contact‐lens associated MGD, Meibomian keratoconjunctivitis, evaporative dry eye. The relationship between MGD and ocular surface inflammation will be presented with the results of clinical studies published in the literature to treat the different forms of MGD. Conclusion MGD is a common but often misdiagnosed disease of the ocular surface which should be treated according to specific protocols.