Abstract
Low energy antiprotons are available for physics experiments at CERN since the 1980s and have been used by a large variety of experiments. The Low Energy Antiproton Ring LEAR has been constructed as a complementary use of antiprotons available at that time for high energy physics and delivered beam to experiments mainly using slow extraction. After completion of LEAR exploitation, the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) was constructed (adaptation of the existing Antiproton Collector, AC) to allow for a simpler low energy antiproton scheme (only one accelerator operated with Antiprotons) with fast extraction well suited for trap experiments. The Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring ELENA is a small synchrotron presently constructed to further decelerate antiprotons from the AD in a controlled manner, and to reduce emittances with the help of an electron cooler to improve the capture efficiencies of existing experiments and allow for additional ones.
Highlights
First studies of a facility decelerating antiprotons in a synchrotron for experiments with low energy antiprotons[1] were triggered by the observation that this allowed increasing significantly the achievable intensities, compared to the ones possible at that time from beam lines collecting antiprotons, at an energy close to the one needed for the experiment, even without beam cooling, and by a larger factor with cooling
Synchrotrons equipped with beam cooling to provide low energy antiprotons to physics experiments have a long tradition at CERN
After the stop of the first such ring LEAR at the end of the 1996 run, the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) has been constructed as a simplified low energy antiproton facility with only fast extraction, and is operational since 2000
Summary
First studies of a facility decelerating antiprotons in a synchrotron for experiments with low energy antiprotons[1] were triggered by the observation that this allowed increasing significantly the achievable intensities, compared to the ones possible at that time from beam lines collecting antiprotons, at an energy close to the one needed for the experiment, even without beam cooling, and by a larger factor with cooling. After the completion of the SppS program, the antiproton accumulation complex, initially only one ring, but later upgraded with a second ring, the Antiproton Collector (AC) to improve the stacking rate, was operated only for LEAR and low energy antiproton physics. After the decision to complete the exploitation of LEAR, options for another simpler solution, involving less machines and operations to continue low energy antiprotons physics, have been studied This led to the proposal to convert the existing AC, one of the rings of the antiproton accumulation complex, into the AD5: one single machine to capture, cool and extract antiprotons to experiments installed in the same hall.
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