PARTURIENT PARESIS IN MARATHWADI BUFFALOES AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT

The present work was carried out to study the clinical signs, mortality and hematological alterations induced by administration of nanonickel in Wistar rats at NOAEL dose for a period of 90 days. A total of 35 rats of six weeks of age, of both sexes, were randomly divided into two groups. Group I was kept as control and comprising of 20 rats. Group II was comprising of 15 rats and were orally administered nanonickel mixed in distilled water orally at NOAEL dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight/day from 0 day of experiment till 90 days post treatment (DPT). Animals were observed twice daily for the presence of any untoward clinical signs and mortality throughout the period of experimentation. Blood was collected from 5 rats from each group at 0 (5 rats from control group only at this interval), 30th, 60th and 90th DPT to study the hematological parameters. Body weight of both the groups of rats was also recorded at the above said intervals. Animals of the both the groups showed no clinical signs and mortality throughout the experimentation. Group I rats showed no significant variation in body weight and hematological values. A significant time dependent decrease in body weight was recorded in group II rats. Hematological studies revealed a non-significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) and significant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV) values at 60th and 90th DPT, in treated rats as compared to control rats while there was a significant decrease in total erythrocyte count (TEC) at 30th and 90th DPT in treated rats. There is significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at 60th DPT and significant increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) also there was increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in treated rats as compared to control rats at all the DPT. There was a decrease in total leucocyte count at all DPT in treated rats as compared to control rats. In differential leucocyte count, a significant decrease in lymphocyte count and neutrophil count at 30th and 60th DPT. There was a significant increase in eosinophil at 30th and 90th DPT and a significant increase in monocyte count at 30th DPT. There was significant decrease in absolute neutrophil count at 90th DPT in treated rats as compared to control rats while there was significant decrease in absolute lymphocyte count at 30th DPT. It can be concluded from the present study that nanonickel have adverse effects on body weight and hematological parameters of Wistar rats at NOAEL dose.

Production diseases arise from management practices, leading to metabolic imbalances in high-yielding dairy cows. Milk fever, or parturient paresis, is a significant production ailment occurring during the periparturient phase. The heightened milk production during this period places an increased demand on calcium, often resulting in milk fever (hypocalcemia) characterized by abnormally low blood calcium levels. Clinical manifestations of milk fever include reduced appetite, tetanus, low body temperature, paresis, lateral recumbency, and, if untreated, progression to coma and death. Although sporadic, the incidence of milk fever can be high among susceptible cows on individual farms, particularly those with high milk production. Various factors contribute to increased milk fever incidence, including parturition, lactation initiation, advanced age, breed, and diet. Intravenous treatment with calcium borogluconate is the standard approach for parturient paresis. Early and proper treatment results in an excellent prognosis for affected cows. Economic losses due to milk fever encompass deaths, premature culling, treatment expenses, and reduced milk production in subsequent lactations. Consequently, effective milk fever management is crucial not only for mitigating production losses but also for preserving the well-being of the animals.

Changes in leukocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte counts following antenatal betamethasone administration to pregnant women

URINARY CALCIUM EXCRETION AND BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS IN THE BOVINE NEAR THE TIME OF PARTURITION

PurposeIn patients with neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases, additional tumor reduction can be achieved by sequential treatment with [166Ho]-radioembolization after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). The aim of this study was to analyze hematotoxicity profiles, (i.e. lymphocyte and neutrophile toxicity) and the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and thrombocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (TLR).MethodsAll patients included in the prospective HEPAR PLuS study were included in this study. Blood testing was performed at baseline (before radioembolization) and at regular intervals during 1-year follow-up. Radiological response was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months according to RECIST 1.1. Logistic regression was used to analyze the prognostic value of NLR and TLR on response.ResultsThirty-one patients were included in the toxicity analysis; thirty were included in the response analysis. Three weeks after radioembolization, a significant decrease in lymphocyte count (mean change − 0.26 × 109/L) was observed. Ten patients (32.2%) experienced grade 3–4 lymphocyte toxicity. This normalized at 6 weeks and 3 months after treatment, while after 6 months a significant increase in lymphocyte count was observed. An increase in NLR and TLR at 3 weeks, compared to baseline, significantly predicted response at 3 months (AUC = 0.841 and AUC = 0.839, respectively) and at 6 months (AUC = 0.779 and AUC = 0.765). No significant relation with survival was found.ConclusionsToxicity after sequential treatment with PRRT and [166Ho]-radioembolization is limited and temporary, while significant additional benefit can be expected. Change in NLR and TLR at 3-weeks follow-up may be valuable early predictors of response.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02067988. Registered 20 February 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02067988.

A prospective clinical trial was undertaken in 121 patients with stomach cancer to compare immunochemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and FT-207 combined with OK-432 or PS-K, immunostimulators, and plain chemotherapy with 5-fluororacil and FT-207. Of the 121 patients who received immunochemotherapy, 67 patients (group A) had undergone curative removal of the tumor. The other 54 patients had undergone noncurative tumor removal or had recurrence after non-curative tumor removal and they were divided into two groups (groups B and C) on the basis of lymphocyte reactivity induced with PHA. Although group A exhibited a significant increase in PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation and a trifling increase in lymphocyte counts, its survival rate within a 36 month period did not differ from that of the peer controls. Group B, composed of 21 patients showing improvement of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation, significantly prolonged its survival compared to the peer controls. The survival of group C, composed of 33 patients showing a gradual drop in PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation, was not prolonged compared to the peer control patients; and they showed significant decreases in lymphocyte counts. The overall survival of group B and group C was not superior to that of the 48 peer controls.

Transportation is often considered as one of the main causes of stress raising considerable interest, both in animal welfare and economic fields. Stressful transportation of camel may cause severe welfare consequences and economic losses. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the stress resulting from transportation of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) by measuring some behavioural and physiological responses. Camels were imported from Dongola quarantine in Sudan to Arqueen (at the borders between Egypt and Sudan) by walking for about 450 km. After that, camels are transported from Arqueen to Abu Simble quarantine in Aswan. According to method of transportation, camels were randomly assigned into three groups; group 1 (camels were transported by trucks for about 150 km, taking about 2-3 h), group 2 (camels were transported by walking for about 90 km, lasting for about 24 h), and group 3 (non-transported camels). In Abu Simble quarantine, 30 healthy males (5-7 years and 300-400 kg b.wt.) were selected for each group (three replicates for each). Some behaviours were selected from the ethogram and are used in the analysis which include comfort (recumbency and standing), ingestive (feeding and rumination), eliminative (defecation and urination) and body care (rubbing, scratching and nipping). All behaviours were recorded in the morning and afternoon by direct personal observation for 60 min with an interval of 5 min and calculated as a frequency per total observation time. Furthermore, blood samples were collected just after arrival of camels (T0) and at 18 h after arrival (T18) for hematological examination (PCV%, total RBCs and WBCs) and measurement of some blood parameters including total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose and cortisol. The results revealed that the frequency of standing, feeding, defecation, urination, scratching and total body care behaviours, were significantly decreased in group 1(81.24, 33.51, 6.48, 9.12, 3.87 and 12.80) and group 2 (10.80, 31.67, 1.40, 2.19, 1.25 and 10.96) including transported camels in comparison to control group (97.26, 47.62, 12.16, 16.44, 12.88 and 21.06) respectively. The frequency of recumbancy was increased in transported groups as compared to control one. The results of haematological examination indicated that there is a significant increase in PCV% and neutrophil count and a significant decrease in lymphocyte count in groups 1 and 2 as compared to control one. Camels transported by trucks had a significant high level of cortisol at T0 (17.21 μg/dl) and T18 (6.14 μg/dl) in comparison to other groups. In conclusion, transportation of camels either by trucks or walk imposes a marked stress upon them as indicated by behavioural and physiological measures.

To analyse the relation between dmft/DMFT and pufa/PUFA indices and markers of systemic inflammation, such as SII, NLR, PLR NEUT, LYMPH and PLT. The study sample consisted of 59 children with untreated dental caries (patient group) and 59 healthy children without caries (control group). Complete blood count (CBC) parameters were collected from both groups, and systemic inflammation markers, such as the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), were calculated. Additionally, the study utilised the decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) and pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, abscess (pufa/PUFA) indices to assess the severity of caries and pulp disease. Normality was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For non-normally distributed data, the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare two independent groups. Pearson's chi-squared test analysed relationships between categorical variables when expected values exceeded 5. Spearman correlation was applied for continuous variables without normal distribution. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 25. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences in systemic inflammation markers between the two groups. Specifically, children with untreated caries showed statistically significantly higher levels of neutrophils (NEU%), SII, NLR, and PLR compared to the healthy control group. (p 0.01). Furthermore, a statistically significant decrease in lymphocyte count (LYMPH#) was observed in the patient group compared to the control group. However, no statistically significant correlations were found between the clinical severity of caries (as measured by the dmft/DMFT and pufa/PUFA indices) and systemic inflammation markers. The results of our study indicated that the inflammatory parameters, including NEU%, NLR, PLR, and SII, were elevated in children with untreated caries compared to those without caries. It has been observed that oral health may affect systemic health in children, thus reconfirming the importance of maintaining good oral and dental health.

Bisphosphonates suppress bone resorption and are used in the management of bone diseases with increasing frequency. In some patients treated for the first time with potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, there is a transient febrile reaction and transient hematological changes suggestive of an acute phase response. Because IL-6 is considered to be an important mediator of the acute phase response, we examined the changes in circulating IL-6 bioactivity in 38 patients with Paget's disease treated with the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (3-dimethyl-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (dimethyl-APD). 16 patients who had never received such bisphosphonate were treated with oral dimethyl-APD (100-400 mg/day) and 22 (9 for the first time) with intravenous dimethyl-APD 4 mg/day. Treatment was given for 10 days. Eleven of 38 patients, all first treatments, showed an increase in body temperature of more than 0.5 degrees C exceeding 37 degrees C associated with a significant decrease in lymphocyte count and an increase in serum CRP values. These changes were transient and did not occur in the patients with no febrile response. In patients with a febrile reaction circulating IL-6 bioactivity increased significantly and this increase generally preceeded the rise in temperature. Moreover, patients with an acute phase response had significantly higher peak IL-6 values than those without (128 +/- 30 vs. 31 +/- 4 U/ml, p < 0.001). The peaks in plasma IL-6 were further correlated with the peaks in temperature and in serum CRP values (r = 0.49, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Summary. Abstract. Acute pancreatitis remains one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. Alcoholic and biliary factors are considered the most common causes of AP. The aim of the study was to investigate the laboratory characteristics of patients with AP, taking into account the etiological variant of the disease. Materials and methods: the study is retrospective. Medical records of 677 patients hospitalized for AP in two medical institutions from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed: Vinnytsia сity сlinical emergency hospital and Vinnytsia regional clinical hospital named after M.I. Pyrogov. For further study of laboratory parameters of all AP patients, they were divided into four groups depending on the etiology: alimentary, biliary, alcoholic, and postoperative. The laboratory data obtained within the first 24 hours of hospitalization were analyzed. Results. Intergroup differences in the distribution of laboratory parameters were observed among different etiological variants of AP. Some of them showed only significant intergroup deviations within reference values, while some also deviated from the norm. Specifically, for alimentary AP, there was a significant increase in creatinine levels compared to other groups. For biliary AP, there was a significant increase in leukocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, total bilirubin, blood glucose levels, and a significant decrease in lymphocyte count. For postoperative AP, there was a significantly the lowest level of increase of serum amylase levels, significant elevation in ALT and AST levels, and significant increase in stabs neutrophils and ESR compared to other groups. Conclusions. Analysis of blood and urine laboratory parameters in patients with AP allowed to identify intergroup differences in their distribution for different etiological variants of AP without deviation from the norm, as well as deviations from reference values. The obtained data should be taken into account at the stage of hospitalization and the beginning of inpatient treatment of patients with AP for further stratification and development of individualized diagnostic and therapeutic programs.

It has been experienced that febrile response appears in experimental tuberculous cattle tested intradermally with tuberculin and that it still appears in repeated tuberculin tests carried out every three or more weeks, but that intradermal test becomes to be weakened or negative. From such experience, febrile response in intradermal test deserves much attention in the control of bovine tuberculosis.During the febrile response, a significant decrease in lymphocyte count and an increase in neutrophil count were observed in the blood picture. The same finding was obtained from the blood picture of a hypersensitized rabbit infected with 0.5mg of tuberculoprotein extracted from bacillary body with 0.2 NaOH. The febrile response was observed in hypersensitized rabbits so treated, but not in health ones in which little significant change was observed in the blood picture.The influence of daily intraveous injection of tuberculoprotein on the febrile response of hypersensitized rabbits was examined. As a result, it was made clear that febrile response disappeared in some of the treated rabbits after successive intravenous injection. Tuberculin fever, even if it appeared, disappeared soon after successive injection.Early tissue reaction was examined, by the trypan blue method, in tuberculin tests on hypersensitized guinea pigs, in which distinot bluing of the site of tuberculin injection was observed.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 by clarifying the clinical characteristics and immune responses.MethodsThe clinical characteristics and laboratory findings, including cytokine and lymphocyte subsets, were obtained from the electronic medical records of patients in Wuhan Tongji Hospital.ResultsThis study included 836 patients with confirmed COVID-19. In total, 699 (83.6%) were cured and discharged, and 137 (16.4%) died. Our analysis revealed that age ≥ 65 years, male sex, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dyspnea, dizziness, respiratory rate > 20 bpm, heart rate > 100 bpm, systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, neutrophils > 6.3×109/L, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, D-dimer ≥ 0.5 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase > 250 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase > 40 U/L, total bilirubin > 26 μmol/L, albumin < 35 g/L, blood urea nitrogen > 9.5 mmol/L, estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 ml/min/1.73, elevated cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ≥ 900 pg/ml, C-reactive protein ≥ 25 mg/L, procalcitonin ≥ 0.05 ng/ml and ferritin > 400 μg/L were associated with death in patients with COVID-19. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 ml/min/1.73, elevated cardiac troponin I, C-reactive protein ≥ 25 mg/L and procalcitonin ≥ 0.05 ng/ml were predictive of mortality. Regarding immune responses, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα were remarkably higher in the deceased group at admission, and the levels of IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα in the deceased group showed a rapid increase; the dynamics of these cytokines were highly consistent with disease deterioration. Lymphocyte subset analysis revealed that the deceased patients showed significant decreases in lymphocyte counts, especially helper T cells, suppressor T cells and NK cells.ConclusionsThis study identified that an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 ml/min/1.73, elevated cardiac troponin I, C-reactive protein ≥ 25 mg/L and procalcitonin ≥ 0.05 ng/ml were predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Elevated cytokine levels and a continued increasing trend, including in IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFα, and a decrease in lymphocyte subsets, especially helper T cells, suppressor T cells and NK cells, were associated with a poor prognosis.

Objective To explore the clinical features, diagnosis and prognosis of renal transplant recipients with NCP. Method The clinical data of 2 cases of kidney transplant recipients with NCP were retrospectively analyzed. Based onclinical manifestations, blood routine, inflammatory factors, cell immunity, chest CT andtherapeutic effects, the diagnosis and treatment of NCP in kidney transplant recipients (5th edition) were compared to that ofordinary NCP patients. Both recipients developed onset of low andmoderate fever, with no cough or fatigue at the initial stage. Blood routine indicated a normal range of leukocytes,buta significant decrease in lymphocyte counts, increased C-reactive protein (CRP) , and slightly higher procalcitonin (PCT) . The cellular immunity was extremely low, and the chest CT showed multiple patchy ground glass shadows in both lungs. Result After 1 week of onset, both patients had significant disease progression. The pathogenesis and imaging changes were highly similar tothatreported in ordinary NCP patients.Two patients were givensymptomatic supportive treatment by antiviral agents, stop uses ofimmunosuppression agents, small amount of hormone maintenance, intravenous drip of gamma globulin andrespiratory support toavoid secondary infections. At present, the condition of both patients is obviously improved, and renal function is stable. One of them has recovered and was discharged. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of NCP in renal transplant recipients were generally consistent with that of ordinary NCP patients. Although there is no established method for the treatment of NCP, it is effective by stopping uses of immunosuppressive agents, maintaining small and medium doses of hormones, actively restoring immunity, and providing respiratory support in a timely manner. Key words: Renal transplant; Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP)

Specialized sports nutrition is one of the most important factors in the extension of the functional potential of athletes, providing adaptive resistance to physical stress, which determines the high physical performance and prolongs athletic longevity of the athletes. The study involved 30 skiers-racers (the average age of 19.5±1.8 years). 12 skiers of the main group within 21 days consumed a specialized food product, obtained on the basis of fermented milk whey containing amino acids, several vitamins, minerals and trace elements, live culture of lactic acid bacteria: L. lactis, L. thermophilus, L. bulgaricus (1.2×108 CFU/cm3). The control group consisted of 18 skiers, those taking the placebo (food starch of the same consistency). After a course of product intake, blood level of hemoglobin increased by 6%, of leukocytes - by 10% due to an increase in the number of granulocytes by 32%, and segmented neutrophils by 16% (p<0.05), there was a tendency to increase the number of red blood cells by 7% with a significant decrease in lymphocyte count by 19%. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood of the skiers from the comparison group increased by 41% (p<0.05), while in the athletes of the main group it decreased by 16% (p>0.05). After product intake it has been established by the method of laser Doppler flowmetry that there was a tendency to increase blood perfusion by 15%, a statistically reliable increase in the flux by 53%, which is based on the improvement of the internal mechanisms of microcirculation regulation. According to the mathematical analysis of cardiac rhythm, centralization of regulation decreased while the activity of an autonomous mechanism for controlling the work of the heart increased. The revealed functional changes ensured an increase of absolute (by 31%, p<0.05) and relative (by 33%, p<0.05) physical performance and aerobic endurance of skiers, contributed to the improvement of short-term memory. The conclusion is made about the expediency of the intake of the specialized food product to enhance the adaptive capacity of athletes under the influence of systematic physical loads.

To clarify the characteristics of lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) in patients with RA treated with MTX. Among 33 patients developing LPD during MTX treatment, 20 LPDs regressed spontaneously within 12 weeks after MTX cessation (regressive LPD), and 13 did not regress and most of them died or needed chemotherapy (persistent LPD). The control group consisted of 66 clinically matched MTX-treated RA patients without LPD. The clinical characteristics were compared between these three groups. While no significant differences were found in clinical RA and LPD features among the three groups, the absolute lymphocyte number of the two LPD groups at LPD diagnosis was significantly lower than the control group (497/µl in the regressive vs 680/µl in the persistent vs 1400/µl in the control, P < 0.05). After MTX withdrawal, the lymphocyte number in the regressive group rapidly recovered to 1214/µl (P < 0.01) by week 2 and was thereafter maintained at an equivalent level to the control group. In contrast, lymphocyte level in the persistent group did not show significant increase throughout 12 weeks (620/µl at week 2, P = 0.57). Changes in lymphocyte number following MTX withdrawal clearly distinguished the regressive LPD from the persistent LPD. A significant decrease in lymphocyte count at the LPD diagnosis and its restoration after MTX withdrawal were markedly associated with spontaneous regression of LPD developing during MTX treatment.