Partnership based on Triple Helix for Tourism and Peace for Sustained Development Bromo Mountain

This paper is a preliminary study of the Triple Helix (TH) Model that focuses on understanding the model from different perspectives following secondary research. The methodology used in this study is exploratory and descriptive in nature. Narrative review of previous literatures has been followed to understand the Triple Helix Model. Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff propounded a theory known as Triple Helix in connection with industry, university and government which has become a research hub. The Triple Helix is a spiral model of innovation that captures multiple reciprocal relationships at different points in the process of knowledge capitalization. Therefore, this is going to be popular not only in developed countries but also gradually becoming popular in developing countries. The question comes what is Triple Helix Model? What does the model reflects in the academia? The objective of this study is to understand Triple Helix Model on one side and the evolution of this model including its features on the other. This study examines how the Triple Helix Model has been popularized in the field of academia, industry, and government by focusing on knowledge, innovation, and entrepreneurship through education. This paper includes introduction, methodology, evolution of the Triple Helix Model, routes of the Triple Helix, knowledge production, knowledge and technology transfer, knowledge industries, capitalization of knowledge and innovation, the network society, collaboration, Triple Helix and academia, teaching, learning, and future universities. The Triple Helix Model is a neo-evolutionary model of possible synergies between functions such as wealth creation, knowledge production and government regulations, which are the three helixes.

The development of sustainable marine tourism in Makassar necessitates active and collaborative participation from various stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the role of stakeholders in the development of sustainable marine tourism in Makassar City, with a specific focus on aspects of tourism governance. The research employs qualitative analysis, utilizing in-depth interviews and documentation studies to explore the involvement of stakeholders in the development of sustainable marine tourism. The results reveal that the government has played a facilitating role in the development of sustainable marine tourism by establishing Tourism Awareness Groups on several islands and improving infrastructure for smaller islands. The private sector has contributed to the promotion of various tourist destinations, particularly marine tourism, offering tour packages to attract both local and foreign tourists. The local community actively participates in tourism activities, providing services, crafts, art performances, and acting as local guides. Additionally, tourists are engaged in conservation efforts for marine tourism development and collaborate with local communities to promote sustainable tourism practices. Keywords: tourism governance, role of stakeholders, sustainable marine tourism

Tourism belongs to economic sectors, which demonstrate the most dynamic development and transformation. In recent years, the popularity of domestic tourism in Ukraine has grown significantly, which is triggered particularly by the intensification of the population’s life activities and forced objective factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russian aggression against Ukraine. These have resulted in restrictions on foreign travel and relocation of citizens to relatively safe western regions. At the same time, the development of domestic tourism has not only positive, but also negative sides, the main of which include the increase of anthropogenic load on regional ecosystems, depletion of certain natural resources, and, in general, potential negative impact on the environment. First of all, such types of tourism as ecological and rural are affected, which are particularly sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and deterioration of the ecological and socio-economic situation. To ensure sustainable development, tourism activity should be regulated considering the availability and possibility of using the resources that are necessary for its provision. The paper examines environmental and economic constraints that arise in tourism. The necessity of introducing sustainable tourism for the balanced ecological and economic development of the regions is substantiated. The key challenges that have arisen on the way to the development of the tourism industry are identified. The priority of considering environmental constraints over socio-economic constraints is emphasized. The role of various stakeholders in the regulation of sustainable tourism is analyzed, emphasizing the key role of local communities, which are very interested in regional tourism development. The availability of relevant normative documents, which contain a list of environmental and social requirements, will allow to ensure the development of tourism with the minimization of negative impact on the environment. The research was mainly conducted on the example of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, which in the last few years has been marked by the active development of tourism, at the same time being one of the most vulnerable regions in ecological and social terms.

The purpose of this research study is to review the development of sustainable tourism from the point of regulations, stakeholders in tourism and local communities related to the phenomena of community cultural change due to uncontrolled tourism business. The research mechanism is carried out with a qualitative approach based on the phenomenological paradigm. The location of the research study is in a tourism area in Bali, Indonesia. The main informants are the ministry of tourism and creative economy, Bali representatives, stakeholders in tourism, and the community or tourists. Data validity is triangulated to produce valid and reliable data. The results of the research study found that sustainable tourism regulations are important to be established and strengthened to ensure there is no overlap and to provide comfort and security for tourism actors, tourists and tourism business managers, and local communities. Sustainable require management control for effective governance, implying that tourism management leads to good governance in tourism, supports sustainable development goals, and is based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). Furthermore, the impact of tourism development on the economy of local communities, socio-culture, and the environment is clearly evident. That, sustainable tourism is a tourism management system based on sustainability principles and synergizing with business, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects of tourism management. The research contributes to directing a GSTC-based sustainable tourism management mechanism that is applied to all elements of tourism, thereby suggesting more assertive regulatory changes and supporting the development of sustainable tourism with the aim of achieving sustainable development goals.

The purpose of this research study is to review the development of sustainable tourism from the point of regulations, stakeholders in tourism and local communities related to the phenomena of community cultural change due to uncontrolled tourism business. The research mechanism is carried out with a qualitative approach based on the phenomenological paradigm. The location of the research study is in a tourism area in Bali, Indonesia. The main informants are the ministry of tourism and creative economy, Bali representatives, stakeholders in tourism, and the community or tourists. Data validity is triangulated to produce valid and reliable data. The results of the research study found that sustainable tourism regulations are important to be established and strengthened to ensure there is no overlap and to provide comfort and security for tourism actors, tourists and tourism business managers, and local communities. Sustainable require management control for effective governance, implying that tourism management leads to good governance in tourism, supports sustainable development goals, and is based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). Furthermore, the impact of tourism development on the economy of local communities, socio-culture, and the environment is clearly evident. That, sustainable tourism is a tourism management system based on sustainability principles and synergizing with business, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects of tourism management. The research contributes to directing a GSTC-based sustainable tourism management mechanism that is applied to all elements of tourism, thereby suggesting more assertive regulatory changes and supporting the development of sustainable tourism with the aim of achieving sustainable development goals.

Overall, the goal of tourism policy, planning, and development is to promote the growth of the tourism industry while ensuring that it is sustainable, inclusive, and responsible. The industry faces significant challenges, including infrastructure gaps, limited capacity for tourism management, and a lack of investment in the sector. In addition, there are also concerns around the environmental and social impacts of tourism, such as the overuse of natural resources, and the displacement of local communities. Effective tourism policy, planning, and development can provide economic benefits, create jobs, and preserve cultural and natural resources, while also contributing to the social and environmental well-being of the communities involved. The status of tourism management in Kenya is characterized by both opportunities and challenges, and there is ongoing work to support the growth and sustainability of the industry. In response to these challenges, the government of Kenya has been working to promote and support the development of the tourism sector through various policies and initiatives. This paper sought to conceptualize the process of tourism policy, planning and development mechanisms and initiatives, informed by models anchored on the Tourism Pyramid and building blocks for sustainable tourism Models intertwined to the collaboration theory, in relation to the Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) Model which emphasizes on the importance of balancing economic, social, and environmental considerations in tourism planning and development. The goal is to create a sustainable tourism industry that provides benefits to local communities and protects natural and cultural resources. Resource-Based View (RBV) of Tourism model informs tourism planning and development by emphasizing the importance of leveraging a destination's unique resources to attract visitors and promote economic growth. Destination Marketing and Management (DMM) Model is used to inform tourism planning and development decisions and to ensure that a destination is effectively marketed and managed to achieve its goals. The main propose is to determine an integrated model (system) that can be embedded the development, monitoring and evaluation of a National Tourism Strategy, which aims to promote sustainable tourism development and ensure that the benefits of tourism are shared by all stakeholders. Tourism policy, planning, and development play a crucial role in supporting the growth and sustainability of the tourism industry in Kenya, and the government of Kenya is committed to ensuring that these efforts are aligned with the goals of sustainable development. Thus, this paper is projected to inform the processes of policy making, planning, development, practice and add value to the knowledge body tourism management. Additionally, it is anticipated to improve the regulatory environment for the tourism sector in general. Further studies can be done on the regulatory environment for the tourism sector, in relation to: Policies on simplifying the visa application process regionally and providing tax incentives for tourism businesses in general; Examine the role of tourism policy and planning in promoting sustainable and inclusive economic growth in tourism destinations; Community involvement in tourism policy and planning.

The Success of Rural Community-Based Tourism Development from the Perspective of the Local Community (Case Study: Asiab-Sar Village, Behshahr County)

Innovation is one of the key elements of countries’ competitiveness. In the face of continuous world economic changes, the Triple Helix Model (University-Industry-Government) relationship allows many countries to improve and accelerate their innovation processes. In developing countries, which are in transition towards innovation-based economies, such as Malaysia, Triple Helix (TH) can serve as a tool to speed up this transition. This paper explores the implementation of Triple Helix to discover the extent of collaboration between companies and universities both on a global scale and particularly in Malaysia. The study uses a quantitative methodology based on an integrative analysis of literature, secondary data and results of a survey, conducted among four Malaysian research based universities. The research finds that the average performance of Malaysian research based public universities in the Triple Helix system is generally good. For individual universities this study finds that the National University of Malaysia (UKM) has performed above average, while University of Malaya (UM) shows below average performance among major research universities in Malaysia. The findings of this
\nresearch highlight the need to solve the identified problems in parallel with implementation of the open innovation concept in university industry collaborations.

Is Sustainable Tourism Really Sustainable?

The Triple Helix model of innovation systems is widely diffused. The fundamental idea of the model is that ‘university’ can play an enhanced role in innovation in knowledge-based societies and that the three helices – ‘university’, ‘industry’ and ‘government’ – interact in order to produce innovation and therefore regional and national economic growth. This is, however, only one model among several different systemic approaches for explaining regional differences in innovativeness. While the triple helix model emphasizes the role of the university for regional innovativeness, the other systemic approaches call attention to either industry or government as having the lead role in innovation. Further, the triple helix model is developed and primarily explored from a macro-level perspective and not from a firm-level perspective. Finally, while the theoretical value of triple helix interactions are reasonably confirmed, there are still gaps in the triple helix concept, and the practical value is only just beginning to realize its potential. From a firm-level perspective, the purpose of this article is therefore to test the applicability and practical value of the triple helix model when exploring the formation and growth of firms using the case of Google Inc. Useful when exploring a firm’s formation and growth, the triple helix model forces the exploration to start even before the entrepreneur enters the scene, which provides a more holistic picture of firm formation. The three helices were all found to play important but changing roles in the different phases of firm formation and growth. The Google case contributes further understanding of the nature and historical evolution of interactions between the three helices, thereby filling some gaps in the triple helix concept. The Google case also identifies a number of mechanisms for interaction and the important role of the bridging organizations that connect the helices and contribute to the development of interactions. Finally, the concept of ‘spaces’ proved relevant and useful, although in the perspective of a firm, the concept has a broader meaning and exists on different levels.

The Number of Members as Determining the Sociological Form of the Group. I

Stakeholder involvement is often cited as critical to sustainable tourism development, but there is limited documentation for niche areas, such as adventure tourism. The main purpose of our research was to understand stakeholder roles in adventure tourism in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR), Uttarakhand, India, to identify opportunities for achieving sustainable adventure tourism. Our interviews, treks and other activities revealed that organised adventure activities were still in the early development phase, with trekking being the most popular activity. The roles of various stakeholders are yet to be clearly defined, but the State Forest Department is playing a lead in the rapidly evolving network of relationships among adventure tourism stakeholders. Significant opportunity exists for a more systematic approach to adventure tourism planning that builds on the existing strengths of the various players.

Background: This study aims to describe: (1) the ideal triple helix model (THM) partnership for implementing an outcome-based curriculum (OBC) in the era of disruption from the university's perspective; (2) the level of THM implementation according to the university's perspective; (3) the THM ecosystem implemented by the university; (4) the level of university role implementation within the THM framework. Method: This study employed both quantitative and qualitative descriptive research methods. Data collection techniques included a survey and a focus group discussion (FGD). The research subjects consisted of four active lecturers from PTSP FT UNY who provided survey responses, and seven PTSP lecturers participated in the FGD. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, while qualitative data were examined through an interactive analytical model. Results: (1) The balanced triple helix Model (BTM) was identified as the ideal framework for implementing OBC, rated highly suitable with a score of 3.50, as it ensures a balanced role among all parties. (2) The THM implementation was mostly realized (score 2.80), involving industry, professional associations, and certification bodies. (3) The THM ecosystem was mostly established (score 2.84), with additional support from unlimited research and partnership funding. (4) The university’s role within THM was fully realized (score 3.02) through seminars, soft skill training, and certification programs. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, BTM is the ideal model for implementing OBC in the era of disruption. Furthermore, the implementation of the triple helix partnership model, ecosystem, and university roles is largely accomplished.

Background – The development of the tourism sector based on local wisdom, in supporting the sustainable tourism sector in Selayan Kalimantan, especially historical and religious tourism, namely mosques and tombs, is very much needed. Community-based tourism applications can be carried out in three stages, namely the planning stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. Aim – The aim of this research is to analyze the concept and implementation of a combination of aspects of sharia-based human capital policy and local wisdom. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – This research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection in this article used in-depth interviews with 2 parties from managers and HRD. Apart from interviews, data was obtained through direct observation during employee selection and documentation. Findings – The research results showed that The development of religious tourism in South Kalimantan as sustainable tourism is very worthy of development, commitment to sustainable development, community involvement in decision making and management of religious tourism facilities and infrastructure that have previously existed, such as tombs, mosques and historical buildings. Efforts to optimize the development of sustainable religious tourism are developing the concept of cultural cities, increasing regional security, improving infrastructure and drainage in several places, providing new religious tourism attractions and more attractive additional attractions. Conclusion - The development of religious tourism in Banjar Regency has problems, namely (1) tourism facilities and infrastructure, (2) local resource development, and (3) marketing development. Research implication- It is hoped that there will be the obstacles that exist in religious tourism objects are related to facilities and infrastructure, weak local resources to support tourist attractions, and weak tourism marketing. To overcome obstacles, the strategies that can be implemented are related to the development of tourism facilities and infrastructure, development of local resources, and development of marketing. Limitations – Banjar Regency has quite large potential for developing religious tourism. There are 27 religious tourist attractions in Banjar Regency, but in reality most of the existing religious tourism has not been managed optimally..

Organizations and businesses cannot depend completely on their own to generate new ideas for innovation and development in present knowledge based societies.Consequently, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) announced 2015 as the Year of Innovation and excellence awards have been established aiming to boost cooperation between various sectors in the country.Therefore, the concept of the Triple Helix (university-industry-government) was found as a model of innovation.The aim of this research is to establish the impact of a Triple Helix approach on enhancing creativity and skills within UAE public and private sectors.It explores the concept of the Triple Helix Model (THM) in the context of the UAE public and private sectors focusing on its existence, implementation, barriers and drivers.Methods of analysis include both qualitative and quantitative approach in which a conceptual framework was derived from the literature review, a survey was developed and distributed to a sample of employees from different organizations, and follow-up interviews were carried out with key stakeholders (in which their departments are implementing/ involved in the THM).The findings exposed the stakeholders' perception about the importance of the concept and each actor's role in the THM, the limited utilization of the concept among the organizations, and the challenges in terms of relational barriers and knowledge sharing.The research findings reveal that TH approach has a positive influence on enhancing creativity and skills within UAE sectors and several recommendations have been proposed such as leadership involvement and support, designing organizational innovation strategy, and the addition of society helix.