Participácia verejnosti v lesníckom plánovaní a jej vplyv na rozhodovacie procesy

Land ownership drives stand structure and carbon storage of deciduous temperate forests

This paper analyses the occurrence of governance innovations for forest ecosystem service (FES) provision in the forestry sector in Europe and the factors that influence innovation development. Based on a European-wide online survey, public and private forest owners and managers representing different property sizes indicate what type of governance innovation activities they engage in, and why. To investigate forestry innovations as systems, the analysis focuses on biophysical, social and technical factors influencing innovation development. The results of our exploratory quantitative analysis show that most innovation activities identified are largely oriented towards biomass production. Accordingly, most forest owners implement efficiency-driven optimisation strategies for forest management and technological improvement for provisioning service supply, to generate income. In contrast, the provision of regulating and cultural services is not yet a prominent part of forestry innovation activities.Reasons are rooted in a market-oriented economic rationale focusing on timber production, a lack of financial resources to compensate for other FES provisions or institutions to provide backup and security to forest owners and managers for engaging in innovation development. Given that the provision of a wide range of FES is a politically well-established objective for forest management in Europe, a strategy is needed that helps to align actors and sectors for supporting and co-financing related forest management approaches and business models. The current revision of the forest related policy framework on EU level under the EU Green deal poses a window of opportunity for better fostering novel governance approaches for more sustainable FES provision.

Objective Patient involvement in pharmaceutical industry-sponsored publications is a rapidly evolving practice. It is supported by industry guidelines, but currently inconsistent across organizations. This study aimed to qualitatively map the landscape of current practices and gaps in patient involvement in peer-reviewed journal publications of pharmaceutical industry-sponsored research, and to define the specific roles and activities in which patients are involved. Methods This qualitative, patient-led study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled experts in patient engagement and publications, including patients. Interviews were conducted online, transcribed, and thematically analysed. Landscape elements were visually mapped, and themes were generated through an inductive and experientially situated thematic analysis. Results Interviews were conducted with 20 participants recruited globally, with a majority from the United Kingdom. Participants represented diverse stakeholder categories and reported patient involvement across all stages and aspects of the publication lifecycle, with patients both as external consultants and as professionals working within the system. Five overarching themes and 20 sub-themes were identified, including: patient identities and roles; principles and values; processes and practices; variations over time and across organizations; and impact. Significant gaps were identified in consistency, quality, and scale, for example including gaps in infrastructure barriers and diversity. Conclusions Patient involvement in pharmaceutical publications is actively happening across the publication lifecycle and is rapidly growing and evolving. This study provides an evidence base via a qualitative mapping of the experiential landscape and highlights the need for established best practices to support consistency and quality in meaningful patient involvement in publications.

The development of governance innovations for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services in Europe: A comparative analysis of four pilot innovation processes

Forest use suitability: Towards decision-making-oriented sustainable management of forest ecosystem services

Landscape pattern, perception and visualisation in the visual management of forests

To compare the provision of ecosystem services in plantation forests under alternative climate change adaptation management trajectories, we interpolated climatic variables from the UK 11-member regional climate models to use at high resolution in forest management situations. We used expert opinion to derive the links between coarse-scaled UK National Ecosystem Assessment scenarios and forest management alternatives (FMA) in a simulation of forest planning and management under climate change uncertainty. Nine indicators were used to compare the provision of forest ecosystem services from four alternative management trajectories based on FMA types under a changing climate. These show that by 2080 a ‘business as usual’ form of forest management at both Clocaenog and Gwydyr forests will become unsuitable under the two warmest and driest climate variants, marginal under four variants, and borderline suitable under the remaining five variants. This implies that if future forest policy requires the continued delivery of a wide range of ecosystem services, including, home grown timber, biodiversity, and the carbon mitigation benefit from woodlands, then there is 20–50 % chance of failing to deliver on some of these services, unless some adaptation measures to climatic impacts occurs, such as transformation to more diverse species forests managed using low-impact silviculture systems. We show that the benefits of achieving this will be to minimise most of the impacts that climate change would otherwise have on the delivery of ecosystem services from forests.

Assessing the effect of public involvement processes in forest management in Quebec

Forest governance and economic values of forest ecosystem services in Vietnam

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the meaningful public participation in activities relating to the master plan development and, at the same time, propose some recommendations for improvement.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out with in-depth interviews of 35 key-informants selected from various stakeholder groups involving in public participation activities. The evaluation frameworks for meaningful participation were developed from various scholars.FindingsThe evaluation showed that the public hearings partially met the criteria of information provision and representativeness. However, there are rooms for improvement on participation in decision-making process, social learning and influence over policy decision-making. Therefore, this study proposes two recommendations. First, more flexible form of public participation is needed to enable discussions among various groups of stakeholders. Second, the organizer should communicate with stakeholders about how their opinions influence the final master plan in order to create sense of belonging among community members.Originality/valueThis research developed the evaluation framework for public participation in old town conservation master plan in developing country.

Adopting a multi-criteria approach in forest management is essential for preserving or improving specific benefits while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Determining the appropriate long-term management approach for a forest requires considering heterogeneous environmental and social factors, as well as changes in forest characteristics over time. Conducting a strategic assessment of forest use suitability (FUS), namely productive, protective, conservation-oriented, social and multifunctional, at the national level, taking into account the dynamics in the provision of forest ecosystem services and the trade-offs between FUS alternatives, can guide the development of customized management strategies and policies that align with the specific requirements and conditions of the forest. In this study, we evaluate the supply and simulation-based changes over time of diverse ecosystem services of Pinus sylvestris stands in Spain and utilize a decision model to determine the most suitable FUS alternative that enhances the provision of these services. The assignment of the most appropriate FUS alternative aims to help in decision-making processes and in the selection of the most adequate management strategies. To achieve this, we utilize the last version of ecosystem management decision support (EMDS) system, a spatially focused decision support tool capable of generating precise results for multi-criteria assessment. Participatory planning actions based on Delphi principles and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis were applied and combined with geospatial logic-based modelling. According to the results, the dominant FUS is protective, followed by productive alternative, exhibiting high levels of multifunctionality.

Research has shown a negative correlation between the spatial scale of physical planning and the scope of public participation in the planning process. The higher the spatial scale, the smaller the scope of participation. People are more interested, effective, and therefore involved, in their immediate surrounding than in wider related areas. However, long-term national strategic planning which involves many uncertainties requires a wide and representative public involvement. It requires an open and transparent decision-making process, with information open and accessible to all, a fair and equal possibility of taking part in the process and the accountability of the authorities. But, how can ongoing public participation and involvement be implemented for planning on a large, national scale? The traditional methods, based on town-meetings and surveys fall short for a variety of representativeness, efficiency and effectiveness reasons. In the project described herein we propose and implement a novel, Big Data–based approach. We measure and collect online, unobtrusive measures of public preferences, proclivities and predilections. The data we put together are the digital traces left "on the sands of time" so to speak by search behavior and overt expressions of the entire population. We claim that, in contrast to previous strategies of gauging public sentiment, the online world affords access to more reliable and valid information. Individuals reveal their preferences in their online behavior. Our big data are signals collected through "Cyber-Archeology" of the artifacts and footsteps recorded as behavior on the largest search sites, and expressions in online fora and social networks. We practice this approach in the case of the Israel 100 strategic plan by implementing a two-step process. The first step is the described big data mining of digital traces in order to find the main planning issues that interest and occupy the public. The second step calls for public deliberation around these and other planning issues. In this paper, we only report on the first of these two steps: An affordable, workable and valid opportunity to make use of Big Data for later proactive, pro-social purposes of involving the public in debating and molding its own future. Following a description of the essence, the structure and the methodology of the Israel 100 strategic plan, the use of 'crowd wisdom' in large scale planning will be presented. As public participation in nation-wide planning is a challenge, its importance to both general planning and the specific Israel 100 plan will then be discussed. Finally, both the concept and the empirical results of mining digital traces will be presented. The mining is based on three sources: the public expressions in the social networks and the media, searches in Google and searches in Wikipedia from December 2016 to December 2018. Spatially we relate to all the territory under the 'Israeli law of planning and construction'. The results provide a proof of the methodological concept and research approach.

The Forestry Research Advisory Council of Canada in cooperation with provincial and territorial forest research advisory committees has prepared this fifth annual review of forest research priorities for the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers.The top five priorities from each committee were scored from 5 points for highest priority down to 1 point for lowest. The resulting 11 research topics in descending order of priority are:1. Integrated forest landscape management systems and decision support.2. Inventory, growth and yield, ecological site classification.3. Ecosystem functioning, soil and biodiversity conservation.4. Pest and weed management and alternatives to chemicals.5. Ecological effects of natural and human-caused disturbances.6. Lower-cost silviculture and harvesting, natural regeneration.7. Forest fire management and control.8. Socio-economic knowledge and resolution of resource use conflicts.9. Mixedwood management.10. Incentives for private investment.11. Planting stock quality and tree improvement.Eight issues likely to affect future research priorities were identified by more than one respondent, as follows:1. Global trade, competition, and world public opinion.2. Concern and input about sustainable forestry and the environment.3. Public participation.4. New policies on forestry, tenure, sales, and forest protection.5. Lack of long-term research funding, communication, and coordination.6. Shortage of fiber, long-term viability of the industry.7. Land claims and forestry on aboriginal lands.8. Increasing need for information at all levels.Other concerns include climate change, government debt, population growth and shifts, and protected and old-growth forests.Discussion of these priorities and issues at a meeting of FRACC and representatives from the provincial and territorial committees produced some general conclusions, as outlined below.To resolve resource use conflicts and to manage forests sustainably for all benefits, managers need better information that only research can provide. The goal is management systems that produce a blend of outputs from the forest and maintain the diversity and mosaic structure of naturalforest ecosystems. This kind of forestry will meet the desires of most Canadians and go far to restore public confidence in forest management.In short, research must provide additional knowledge to enable forest managers to:• Sustain the diversity and resilience of the forest ecosystems.• Improve forest health and resistance to pests.• Increase forest productivity for all values.• Reduce forest management and fire protection costs.• Access all available knowledge and data in making decisions.• Determine the socio-economic value of Canadian forests.• Improve profits and competitiveness in the forest industry.Many feel that forestry research in Canada is quite well focused on these questions, but more effort is required to ensure sufficient long-term funding and to improve local application of research results.The usefulness of this annual survey of research priorities was reviewed. It was concluded that the annual meeting of FRACC with representatives of provincial and territorial research advisory committees and the annual presentation to CCFM are very useful. However, a survey of priorities every year is, in the light of experience, unnecessary. A biennial review of priorities is recommended, with presentation to CCFM and subsequent publication. In the alternate years, a workshop of FRACC and provincial and territorial committee representatives is suggested, which would examine a major research topic in depth and present the results and conclusions to CCFM. A report could be published if appropriate.

Public participation and local environmental planning: Testing factors influencing decision quality and implementation in four case studies from Germany

Malaysian Law stipulates the public society should be involved in development planning to assure thorough and comprehensive planning is made to fulfill the needs and aspirations of the society coming from multiracial and ethnicities. However, their knowledge about public participation in development planning is still in question. The participation is in fact a great opportunity for the society to play a part in shaping and influencing the objective and direction of future developments. Public participation is required in every stages of development planning such as Local Plan to ensure effectiveness of the planning system. Therefore it is crucial for the information concerning the publicity and public participation to reach targetted group through accessible broadcasting method that matched with present-day. This paper reviews their knowledge towards public participation programs. This quantitative study also discovers respondents' views on the method of information broadcasting through social media. The result shows their knowledge about public participation in planning process is considerately very low. Additionally, the study discovers that social media is highly influential among respondents where it should be used to increase public participation in development planning.