Abstract
Determination of genetic basis of heterosis may promote hybrid production in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). This study was designed to explore the genetic mechanism of heterosis for yield and yield components in F2: 3 and F2: 4 populations derived from a hybrid ‘Xinza No. 1’. Replicated yield field trials of the progenies were conducted in 2008 and 2009. Phenotypic data analyses indicated overdominance in F1 for yield and yield components. Additive and dominance effects at single-locus level and digenic epistatic interactions at two-locus level were analyzed by 421 marker loci spanning 3814 cM of the genome. A total of 38 and 49 QTLs controlling yield and yield components were identified in F2: 3 and F2: 4 populations, respectively. Analyses of these QTLs indicated that the effects of partial dominance and overdominance contributed to heterosis in Upland cotton simultaneously. Most of the QTLs showed partial dominance whereas 13 QTLs showing overdominance in F2:3 population, and 19 QTLs showed overdominance in F2:4. Among them, 21 QTLs were common in both F2: 3 and F2: 4 populations. A large number of two-locus interactions for yield and yield components were detected in both generations. AA (additive × additive) epistasis accounted for majority portion of epistatic effects. Thirty three complementary two-locus homozygotes (11/22 and 22/11) were the best genotypes for AA interactions in terms of bolls per plant. Genotypes of double homozygotes, 11/22, 22/11 and 22/22, performed best for AD/DA interactions, while genotype of 11/12 performed best for DD interactions. These results indicated that (1) partial dominance and overdominance effects at single-locus level and (2) epistasis at two-locus level elucidated the genetic basis of heterosis in Upland cotton.
Highlights
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important fiber crop in the world
Seed cotton yield (SY) and lint yield (LY) of the F2: 4 population grown at Handan were much lower than that of the same population grown at Cangzhou, probably due to drought conditions at Handan which caused early aging during experiments
Lint yield was significantly correlated with all other yield traits and seed-cotton yield was significantly correlated with all the traits except lint percent
Summary
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important fiber crop in the world. A number of experiments showed that significant heterosis existed in Upland cotton for yield and yield components [1,2,3]. To understand the genome of cotton and detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for lint yield and fiber quality, the first genetic linkage map was constructed in cotton [5]. The most marker-rich intraspecific linkage map, which contained 1540 loci and spanned 2,842.06 cM, was constructed using recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Upland cotton cultivar/line ‘Yumian 1’ and ‘7235’ [18]. Sequences of the D5-genome of G. raimondii, A2-genome of the G. arboreum and genome sequence of cultivated Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum TM-1) were publically available recently [21,22,23,24,25] These physical maps provide new opportunities to develop rich SSR and functional markers for construction of high-density genetic maps and further dissect the genetic basis of complex quantitative traits as well as heterosis in Upland cotton
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