Parking Suitability and Site Selection Analysis Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Techniques: AHP, TOPSIS, and VIKOR – A Case Study of Pendik District (Istanbul)

Abstract. The increase in the number of vehicles with the increasing population has caused the problem of parking insufficiency. This problem necessitate situation analysis of existing parking areas and site selection analyses for new parking areas. It is possible to make suitable site selections with spatial analysis supported by Geographic Information System (GIS). In this study, available parking areas in Selçuklu district of Konya province were evaluated and suitable parking areas were determined in line with the needs. The criteria affecting the parking areas site selection were determined and the importance levels of the criteria were detected by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) which is one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. Density analyses were carried out with GIS and suitable parking areas map was produced considering the criteria weights obtained.

The provision of adequate parking spaces for vehicles has emerged as a prominent and challenging issue confronted by towns, cities, and municipal authorities in recent years. Addressing this problem necessitates a thorough examination of the prevailing physical conditions in existing parking areas, while simultaneously undertaking analyses to identify suitable locations for new parking areas or parking lots. This study focuses on the city of Tetovo, North Macedonia, investigating and assessing the available parking areas while analyzing potential sites in accordance with the city's needs and requirements. To facilitate decision-making, a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach is employed to address the parking site selection analysis problem. The weightage of criteria utilized in the analysis is estimated, and potential parking solutions or site selections for new parking areas are identified through the combined application of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques, identifying primary and sub-criteria, with a focus on Land Use and Transportation as the main criteria for selecting parking lots. The integration of GIS and AHP offers an effective and optimal methodology for site selection and identifying suitable parking locations. AHP method, applied to criteria, determined relative weights through expert opinions, while GIS facilitated spatial analysis for identifying suitable parking locations. The study identifies accessibility to main roads as the criterion carrying the greatest weight (0.517), while accessibility to cultural facilities holds the lowest weight (0.117). The study serves as a pivotal resource for sustainable urban management and decision-making, providing insights into future urban planning and the identification of suitable parking lot sites to foster sustainable development within the city.

Today, the increasing migration from rural to urban areas, the rising appeal of cities as hubs, and the contribution of unplanned urbanization have led to an increase in urban traffic density, which negatively affects daily urban life. The insufficient number of urban parking lots and the rapid increase in the number of vehicles are among the other significant factors negatively affecting urban traffic. In today's cities with high traffic, increasing the number of parking lots and encouraging their use has a significant impact on alleviating urban traffic congestion. In this regard, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) together with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods, helps achieve highly efficient result. In this study, the issues related to parking lots, which is one of the causes of increased traffic congestion in Yalova, a city located between Türkiye's highly populated and developed metropolitan areas, were examined. The aim of this study is to identify new optimal parking lots using the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods to relieve urban traffic in the city. During the study, various sub-component maps were created within the Quantum Geographic Information Systems (QGIS) environment, and the weights of these maps were determined through survey studies using the AHP method. The weighted sub-component maps were integrated in the QGIS environment to create the final parking lot evaluation map for Yalova, which will contribute to relieving urban traffic, and results and recommendations regarding potential parking lot locations were provided.

Many counties are striving against the incessant wave of urbanization and increasing population to establish a sustainable integrated waste management system. No doubt, the establishment and maintenance of an efficient sanitary landfill is a challenge, especially in developing countries, where many of the required standards and the legal, environmental and socioeconomic factors are frequently unavailable. Ibadan, a city in the south-west of Nigeria, for instance, there is a major problem of insufficient landfill sites, with those available mostly not being quite fit for purpose. Thus, this study investigates the viability and sustainability of the existing dumpsites in the city, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)-based Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) techniques. Waste managers from private firms and the Oyo State Waste Management Agency (OYWMA), as well as citizens across the study area (of Ibadan- North) were interviewed. AHP was used to obtain the weights of factor parameters. Also done was a thematic mapping of the ten selected criteria, viz: closeness to airport, distance from industries, distance from gas pipeline, proximity to road, built-up area distance, slope, land cover and use, distance from highways, distance from rivers, and distance from wetlands. Suitability mapping was prepared by overlay analyses and assigned as ‘very low’, ‘low’, ‘moderate’, ‘high’ and ‘highest’ suitability. The results of the weighted overlay analyses showed that 4.2% of the total space had very low suitability, 5.7% had low suitability, 27.4% was moderately suitable, 45.3% was highly suitable and 17.4% had highest suitability. Given these findings, it is recommended that the existing landfills should be relocated, alongside the creation of five new landfill sites. It is also recommended for government to conduct periodic holistic evaluations of the functionality of landfill sites.

A bibliometric-based survey on AHP and TOPSIS techniques

Rapid population growth integrated with poor governance and urban planning is highly challenging resulting key for the selection of unsuitable landfill sites, particularly in developing counties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the suitable solid waste landfill sites in the capital of the country as a case study, by the integration of Geographical Information System (GIS) with fuzzy logic, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and weighted linear combination (WLC) method based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). We chose thirteen (13) criteria (9 factors and 4 constraints) and grouped them into two main categories (environmental and socioeconomic) to achieve the objectives. The AHP was employed to evaluate the relative importance of the factors followed by standardization of criteria factors based on fuzzy set theory. Subsequently, all criteria factors were combined based on AHP and fuzzy logic-WLC method in order to obtain land suitability map. Finally, the sites were identified by the intersection of two combined suitability index layers. The obtained results depicted that the integration of fuzzy logic, AHP, and WLC technique with GIS can produce satisfactory results for the suitable locations of solid waste landfill sites over complex topographic regions. Overall, the land suitability obtained based on fuzzy-WLC is more refined and smooth because of its better segregation and its potential to consider full tradeoff between factors and average risk. The AHP was identified (47km2) as high suitable while fuzzy-WLC generated 36km2 as suitable area. Finally, the intersection of both suitability index map shows numerous suitable landfill sites available in Islamabad city; however, the surface areas of the sites are small at individual level (less than 15ha).

In recent years, decentralized composting appeared as one of the most appropriate treatment options for organic waste valorization in low- and middle-income countries. In Cote d'Ivoire, a pilot project has proved the feasibility of organic municipal solid waste composting for the city of Tiassalé. However, numerous issues still need to be addressed for the establishment of a sustainable decentralized composting system in this city. One of the key issues is site selection. Until now, there is no clear model for such plant site selection. In this study, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and geographical information system (GIS) approaches were combined to develop an appropriate model for selecting decentralized composting sites in the city of Tiassalé. The methodology used involved two different and complementary phases. First, MCDA and GIS techniques were used to identify the most suitable site areas. Seven criteria clustered in three main factors (environmental, social and economic), and five constraints were considered in the analysis process. Second, five sites were selected within the most suitable areas after a basic field visit and ranked using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results showed that the most suitable spaces for decentralized composting plant siting represent only 2.6% of the study area. The investigation yielded on the selection of the two best options for decentralized composting plant siting for the city of Tiassalé. This study proved that the combination of MCDA and GIS is a practical and efficient method to identify suitable sites for decentralized composting plants.

Khon Kaen District is in the central, north-east part of Thailand and is being developed to handle the country’s growth. Khon Kaen District is undertaking the project of building a light rail as a facility for the people. Consequently, one of the problems is ensuring adequate parking for people using the light rail service. In general, the symmetry concept naturally used in decision making to finding an optimal solution for decision and optimization problems. In this paper, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and multi-objective decision making (MODM) were used to solve the parking site selection problem, which made the decision easier. This paper proposed an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique, combined with the geographical information system (GIS), to evaluate the weight of the criteria used in the analysis and find potential parking solutions. Furthermore, this paper proposed the application of a linguistic technique with fuzzy TOPSIS methods to analyze the appropriateness of parking site selections from potential candidates to support use of the light rail. The results of the MCDA show that the most suitable parking lot location is along the light rail and closest to the business area. The results of the fuzzy TOPSIS method, both positive and negative ideal decisions, can help inform decision makers in selecting which candidate site is optimal for parking.

One of the significant difficulties in most of massive urban areas is lack of land for waste disposal. According to UN world population prospects, about 54% of the population resides in urban areas which are anticipated to rise to 66% by 2050. India is estimated to add 404 million urban dwellers by 2050. The substantial increase in the population growth has lead to the immense generation of waste. 5000 TPD of municipal solid waste is being generated from Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC). In many places, the solid waste generated is dumped unscientifically onto the open lands. So there is a need for optimized potential site selection for disposal of waste. This paper mainly focuses on selection of potential site for the disposal of municipal solid waste generated from GHMC area using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In AHP, weights were allocated to each criteria based on relative importance with respect to each other and ratings are assigned depending on its magnitude of impact. Various factors are considered in the siting process were categorized into environmental and economic criteria. Road networks and slope were clustered under economic basis and water bodies, sensitive sites, groundwater levels and land use were clustered under environmental basis. For all criterions, thematic maps were generated and then combined with AHP using GIS for site selection. Keywords: Landfill site selection, GIS, AHPs Cite this Article T. Srinivasa Rao, I. Naga Babu, Chandana N. MSW Landfill Site Selection for Hyderabad City Using GIS and AHP. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2018; 9(1): 15–25p.

Rapid urbanization and population growth in Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, have intensified solid waste management challenges, leading to environmental and health risks due to improper disposal practices. This study utilizes Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify suitable landfill sites in the region. ArcGIS 10.8 and ERDAS Imagine 2015 were used for spatial analysis and land-use classification, respectively. Seven key criteria were considered: proximity to roads, water bodies, and residential areas, land-use/land-cover, soil type, lithology, and slope. AHP was employed to determine criteria weights, and a Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method integrated these factors into a suitability map. The results indicate that 6.8% (294.4 ha) of the study area is highly suitable, 15.7% (675.3 ha) is moderately suitable, 14.2% (610.1 ha) is suitable, and 63.3% (2720.2 ha) is unsuitable for landfill development. Highly suitable areas were found to be strategically distanced from environmentally sensitive and urban zones, featuring stable geological conditions and accessible road networks. The study highlights the effectiveness of GIS and AHP integration in sustainable landfill site selection and urban waste management planning. However, field validation gaps were observed due to logistical constraints, indicating the need for further on-site assessment to strengthen model reliability. The proposed methodology provides a replicable framework for other urban centers facing similar waste disposal challenges while addressing environmental, social, and economic concerns.

Nowadays, finding a place for vehicle’s parking space has become a big challenge especially, in downtown of metropolises. Parking places are as one of main part of the modern urban transportation system, having the crucial role of removing static traffic from streets, which can cause to reduce streets’ parking spots, improve vehicles movement and increase the width of streets indirectly. Allocations of public parking spaces have been done in traditional way by visiting the location until few years ago without considering all effective parameters in allocation of public parking spots. The only parameter that has been considered, being the price of land. Geographic Information System (GIS) takes into account a suitable system for specifying optimum location to develop the public parking space. Using the GIS has the merit of increasing accuracy in comparison with the traditional method. This research presents proper method for locating of public parking place by consideration all effective parameters and by using GIS. The effective parameters have been weighed by AHP method. Then these parameters have been combined by fuzzy algebraic sum. This method has been used for locating suitable parking spots in region1 of Tehran as the case study.

In the pursuit of identifying the most appropriate districts within the city of Baghdad that would be conducive to the establishment of parking facilities, a meticulous application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and various tools associated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has been undertaken to ensure a comprehensive evaluation. Within the parameters of the districts that constitute Baghdad city, the findings derived from both the AHP and FAHP methodologies unequivocally reveal that the influential factors of area, amenities, land price, automobile ownership, traffic volume, and road density exert a significant weighted impact of 21%, 17%, 16%, 27%, 11%, and 8% respectively, thereby influencing the overall acceptability and feasibility of designated parking areas. This observation holds true and remains consistent irrespective of the classification of the parking areas as either acceptable or otherwise unsuitable for use. By thoroughly analyzing the results obtained through the application of the AHP and FAHP methodologies, one can logically infer this conclusion with a high degree of certainty. According to the assessments performed utilizing both the AHP and FAHP approaches, there exists a noteworthy level of suitability for parking within approximately 8.07% and 13.31% of the total area, respectively, indicating a significant potential for parking development in those regions. Conversely, it is important to note that a substantial portion of the total area, amounting to 12.06% and 5.15%, is deemed unsuitable for parking under any prevailing circumstances or conditions.

Marine cage culture has been developed quickly in recent years from land-based operation transfer to marine cage culture by government policy in Taiwan. Therefore, the suitable site selection is an important premised and key factor for successful marine cage culture and sustainable development in the future. Especially, it’s greatly influences economic viability by determining capital outlay and affecting running costs, production and mortality. Hence, the decision factors such as climate factors, geographic environmental factors, bio-environmental factors and social-economic factors are more important for site selection. With the rapid development of marine cage culture that creates a growing need for coastal zone environment analyses, a complex task need one useful tools for kinds of analysis is the Geographic Information System (GIS). This study use AHP (analytic hierarchy process) to evaluate the criteria weight for site selection. From AHP analysis, the weights of suitability of the four GIS grid themes were 0.322, 0.410, 0.127 and 0.141, respectively. The result shows that the geographic environmental factors are the most important factors in selection suitable marine culture sits in Penghu cove in Taiwan. At the meanwhile, by using ArcMap, a GIS software package, a suitable map was made based on the selected grid themes. The suitable sites for marine cage culture development identified on the individual GIS grid themes, the GIS software and AHP method can be integrated to select objectively the optimal sites for marine cage culture development.

In most large and fast growing urban areas, finding suitable lands for construction of landfill is one of the serious problems in environmental management. Land fill site selection process depends on different factors, regulations and constraints. Ignoring each of these parameters may cause miscalculations and lead to selection of an inappropriate landfill site which could have negative environmental, economical, and ecological impacts. Therefore, this process must be accomplished by taking into account all of the related criterions and variables. In this study, landfill site selection is performed by combining geographic information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in Hamedan province, west of Iran. In relation to landfill site selection, ten different criteria including Geology, surface water, aquifer, land use, elevation, slope, and distance to main roads, residential areas, faults and sinkholes were investigated. Using AHP each criterion was weighted, then geographic information system (Arc GIS 9.3 software) was used to manipulate and present spatial data. Finally, suitability map was prepared by overlay analyses and most suitable and suitable areas were identified and checked in field. The results indicate that 60.4 % of the area in the Hamedan province (11,631 km2) is unsuitable, 33 % (6,257.7 km2) moderately suitable and 6.6 % (1,344 km2) most suitable for construction of landfill.

Roles of geospatial technology in eco-industrial park site selection: State–of–the-art review