Abstract
A PARAVALVULAR LEAK (PVL) immediately after mitral valve replacement (MVR) surgery is a well-known and dreaded complication shown to affect 2% to 30% of patients. The patients with a PVL often suffer debilitating congestive heart failure symptoms resulting from retrograde blood flow and hemolytic anemia from the shearing injury caused by high velocity jets.1 As a result, these patients are more likely to require repeated blood product transfusions, reoperation, and have an increased risk of mortality.
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