Abstract
Two pairs of spiral-shape parasitic elements are proposed to improve the bandwidth of a microstrip patch antenna for simultaneous transmit and receive in 2.4–2.5 GHz ISM band. The antenna has two low-cost FR4 substrate layers and a ground plane between the layers. The top layer consists of the patch and parasitic spirals, and a modified 180° rat-race hybrid coupler is printed on the bottom layer. Adding the parasitic spirals enhance the antenna bandwidth by 15–25 MHz in both transmit and receive modes based on simulation and measured results. The hybrid coupler is used to maintain the high isolation between transmit and receive operations of the antenna. The antenna offers low-cross polarization for both modes at boresight (near 20 dB on the x–z plane and larger than 40 dB on the y–z plane). The design also has high self-interference cancellation, a spherical directional radiation pattern, good impedance matching, and reasonable gain values.
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