Abstract
Strength characteristics of a two-dimensional ice beam were studied using a discrete element method (DEM). The DEM solver was implemented by the open-source discrete element method libraries. Three-point bending and uniaxial compressive tests of the ice beam were simulated. The ice beam consisted of an assembly of disk-shaped particles with a particular thickness. The connection of the ice particles was modelled using a cuboid element, which represents a bond. If the stress acting on the bond exceeded the bond strength criterion, the bond started to break, explaining the cracking of the ice beam. To find out the effect of the local parameters of the contact and bond models on the ice fracture, we performed numerical simulations for various bond Young‘s modulus of the particles, the bond strength, and the relative particle size ratio.
Highlights
Ice Beam Using Discrete ElementAs the sea ice area coverage in the Arctic Ocean shrinks over the years due to climate change, the operation of ships in the Arctic Ocean have been issued
A constant downward vertical load with a constant rate of 0.002 m/s was applied at the middle point on the top side of the ice beam
The ice beam was represented by the particle assembly with a regular arrangement such as the Hexagonal Close Packing (HCP) [24,25,32]
Summary
As the sea ice area coverage in the Arctic Ocean shrinks over the years due to climate change, the operation of ships in the Arctic Ocean have been issued. Studies for an ice breaking load estimation have been carried out using empirical, analytical, and numerical methods [1]. There is an increasing need for numerical models to predict the accurate ice load with regard to various sea ice conditions in the initial design stages of Arctic offshore structures [4]. Some studies used bonds between particles to simulate contacts and cracks in the level ice [19,20,21]. The relationship between the mechanical properties of the simulated ice and the parameters associated with the contact and bond models was investigated.
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