Abstract
The emerging development of connected and automated vehicles imposes a significant challenge on current vehicle control and transportation systems. This paper proposes a novel unified approach, Parallel Driving, a cloud-based cyberphysical-social systems U+0028 CPSS U+0029 framework aiming at synergizing connected automated driving. This study first introduces the CPSS and ACP-based intelligent machine systems. Then the parallel driving is proposed in the cyber-physical-social space, considering interactions among vehicles, human drivers, and information. Within the framework, parallel testing, parallel learning and parallel reinforcement learning are developed and concisely reviewed. Development on intelligent horizon U+0028 iHorizon U+0028 and its applications are also presented towards parallel horizon. The proposed parallel driving offers an ample solution for achieving a smooth, safe and efficient cooperation among connected automated vehicles with different levels of automation in future road transportation systems.
Highlights
A LONG with the development of cyber-physical-social systems based parallel control and management theory (ACP approach)and its applications in the past decade [1]−[7], Manuscript received March 18, 2017; accepted May 21, 2017
It can be well foreseen that in the coming two to four decades, our road transportation system would be consisting of a mix of connected vehicles with different levels of automation, which necessitates a unified approach for future smart and safe driving. This considerably motivates the development of cyberphysical-social systems (CPSS)-based parallel driving
IHorizon novel framework takes a step forward from current eHorizon technology made available by Bosch [48], continental [49] and HERE [50] by integrating fewer information requirements further exploited using machine learning
Summary
A LONG with the development of cyber-physical-social systems based parallel control and management theory (ACP approach)and its applications in the past decade [1]−[7], Manuscript received March 18, 2017; accepted May 21, 2017. European roadmap [26] has suggested three main automated driving milestones up to 2030, such that: Level 3 automation to be available at low speed and less complex driving scenarios by 2020, and full autonomy to be available on highways by 2025 and in urban areas by 2030 that is significantly enabled by advances in connected vehicle technologies [12], [14]. Approach for future smart and safe driving This considerably motivates the development of CPSS-based parallel driving. This parallel execution between the physically- and software-defined machines is expected to enable an optimal operation of the machines [27], [28]
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