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Self-evaluation is defined as the relative goodness people attach to themselves or what they believe others attach to them. It is a socially constructed ideal or multifaceted social construct on which we base our evaluations. This study aimed to determine the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the self-esteem scale developed for Pakistani and Chinese adolescents. The findings revealed that overall, Chinese global self-esteem was higher than Pakistanis global self-esteem. Pakistani boys’ self-esteem was lower than Pakistani girls’ self-esteem in all domains. Chinese girls’ social self-acceptance was significantly higher than Chinese boys’ self-esteem, and for other domains, there was no significant gender difference. Girls don’t differ significantly between both countries with respect to competence in social and academic fields and acceptance in physical and academic fields. Additionally Chinese prefer to express their self-esteem in competency terms and Pakistanis value acceptance terms to express their self-esteem. This study would help policy makers to design an intervention based on the information provided in this paper that would help Pakistani adolescents feel esteemed in academic and social fields.

This study examines the implementation of special service management guidance and counseling. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of special service management guidance and counseling in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Takalar State. This research approach is qualitative with qualitative descriptive research type. Data collection techniques in the form of observations, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data exposure and conclusion drawing. Checking the validity of data using trianggulasi and trianggulasi data techniques. Based on the results of previous research, the researchers concluded that the implementation of special service management guidance and counseling in Takalar State MTs has not been implemented due to the lack of guidance and counseling teachers in the school and cooperation between principals, teachers in the field of study and BK teachers is not good in implementing the implementation of special service management guidance and counseling. There are four areas of guidance services in Takalar State MTs: (1) Academic Field, (2) Personal Field, (3) Social Field and (4) Career Field.

Although Pierre Bourdieu himself never paid much attention to European integration, except for his late denunciation of the neoliberal offensive (Bourdieu 1998, 2001), the field theory he refined all along his life is probably the most powerful resource we have for understanding the genesis and structure of what can be termed the European field of power. In one of his masterpieces, The State Nobility (1996), Bourdieu characterized the field of power as the locus of the struggle for power between different types of power holders. The emergence of a field of power is part of the process of the differentiation of society that leads to the formation of relatively autonomous social fields (economic, legal, bureaucratic, political, academic, artistic, and so forth), the present structure of the field of power of each society being therefore deeply path dependent and embedded in the past structuration of that society's social fields. Contrary to the economic or bureaucratic or academic field, in which agents struggle to accumulate a certain type of specific capital in order to access and occupy dominant positions, the field of power is a field of struggle between agents already holding dominant positions in their respective social field in order to set the value of their initial capital and eventually convert part of this capital, thereby diversifying their portfolio of capitals in occupying dominant positions in other social fields. As Pierre Bourdieu put it in a far-reaching reformulation of both Emile Durkheim (1997[1893]) and Max Weber (1978[1956]), this struggle over the “dominant principle of domination,” which determines the division of labor of domination in a society, is also a struggle over the “legitimate principle of legitimation,” which ultimately determines the reproduction of the elites (Bourdieu 1989:376)—particularly through the elites schools system, the main topic of the book. Each …

This paper offers an overview of the status of and emerging trends in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) research through a bibliometric approach using CiteSpace. In particular, our study aimed to elucidate the overall intellectual structure of the environmental, social, and governance academic field. To this end, we performed a topic search related to the environmental, social, and governance field and gathered published articles (2007–2021) from the Web of Science. Subsequently, we identified productive authors, institutes, and countries/regions to determine main research forces in the environmental, social, and governance field. Additionally, we conducted a co-citation analysis to identify highly cited authors, journals, and literatures in the environmental, social, and governance field. Furthermore, we performed a literature-co-citation-based cluster analysis and literature citation burst analysis to confirm the main themes and hotspots of the environmental, social, and governance field. These analyses can contribute to the investigations of key contributing forces in the environmental, social, and governance field at the author, institution, country/region, and journal levels and provide insights into the knowledge structures and orientations of the environmental, social, and governance field for future research.

The study aims to explain the levels of both: the assertive behavior and the university integration for Imam Abdulrahman Ben Faisal, if there are statistical differences according to them related to the academic track and finally to predict about the university integration throughout the assertive behavior. The sample of the study included 211 students chosen randomly. To achieve the purposes of the study, the researcher used two scientific standards: The first one is the university integration standard and the second one is the assertive behavior after checking the psychometric features for both of being authentic and consistent. The findings of the study appear that the level of the university integration for Imam Abdulrahman University students was at the medium level in terms of all fields; the academic, psychological and social fields. Accordingly, the percentages came between (2.81-3.38). Also, the findings show that the level of the assertive behavior was at the medium level as the percentages were (2.90-3.07). According to the findings of the study, there were no any statistical differences in the level of general university integration and all of its fields: (academic, psychological, social fields) related to the academic track, and there were no statistical differences in the level of assertive behavior related to the academic track, moreover the findings appear that the assertive behavior level has clarified contrast degree of students grades (0.0401) according to the university integration standards and this explains the strong, predictive relation between the assertive behavior and the university integration.

Social Robotics is an emerging field, with many applications envisioned. Scientific and technological advancements constantly impact humans on the individual and societal level. Therefore one question increasingly debated is how to anticipate the impact of a given envisioned, emerging or new scientific or technological development and how to govern the emergence of scientific and technological advancements. Anticipatory governance has as a goal to discuss potential issues arising at the ground level of the emergence of a given scientific and technological product. Our study investigated a) the visibility of the anticipatory governance concept within the social robotic discourse and b) the implication of anticipatory governance for the social robotics field through the lens of a social robot design process and key documents from the UNESCO/ICSU 1999 World Conference on Sciences the lens. Our findings suggest that a) anticipatory governance is not a concept established within the social robotics fields so far; b) that social robotics as specific field is not engaged with within the anticipatory governance field and c) that many professional and academic fields are not yet involved in the social robotics discourse as aren’t many non-academic stakeholders. We posit that anticipatory governance can strengthen the social robotics field.

New uses for social networks are emerging in educational fields offering endless materials for the teaching–learning process. Skills development therefore leads to an education focused on sustainable development. Proper use of social media is especially important to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 of the 2030 Agenda, which proclaims inclusive and equitable quality education and promotes lifelong learning opportunities for all—a trend that implies large data volumes that can be manipulated and adapted to the needs of each student, thus opening up new perspectives. This study aims to identify the differences between the use of social networks among students classed into two generations, X and Y. With that aim in mind, the results of a survey administered to 338 university students engaged in online studies showed significant differences, mainly in relation to social issues. Both generations nevertheless agreed on the benefits and uses of social networks within the academic field. The conclusions reaffirm the use of these resources for improving teaching and learning processes within online environments.

In social network, users can manage their social network and social identity, publish information on various topics, and obtain information published by other users through friend relationship. The resulting large amount of text data attract more and more scholars to study it. Text sentiment analysis has become a hot spot in social network data analysis and has important application value in academic field, social field, and business field. Based on the idea of pre-training, this paper improves the random word masking algorithm of deep pretraining task in the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation) model to improve the efficiency and stability of model pretraining. Second, a new pretraining task of original sentence judgment is designed to enable the model to measure the degree of sentence smoothness, so that the BERT model can better understand the semantics of context. By referring to the idea of attention mechanism, a deep learning framework with attention weight added into gated convolution is constructed and the special attention weight method is adopted to enhance semantic information. Second, gating convolution and attention mechanism are combined to model aspect-related semantic information and text complete semantic information. Finally, classify the emotion classifier layer of social network, use Softmax function to complete negative, positive, and neutral multiple classifications and calculate the result of emotion classification. By applying the optimized convolutional neural network cyclic optimization network to single task and multitask in practice, the feasibility of applying the optimized convolutional neural network and cyclic neural network to social network sentiment analysis is verified.

Trata-se de um ensaio analítico sobre políticas públicas para a Educação Superior no Brasil desde os anos 1990 até 2020. Metodologicamente, tendo por base a teoria dos campos sociais de Pierre Bourdieu, esta análise considera que os diversos sistemas de Educação Superior no Brasil (federais e estaduais) constituem um campo social (campo acadêmico) que está sendo transformado em sentido gerencial e em favor do mercado.

Agoraphobia, or hidden curriculum: Academic field and dilemmas of critical intellectualismThe key topic of this volume is the critical attitude in cultural studies. In the article, this topic is understood in a specific way. The ability to conduct critical cultural studies depends on the recog­nition of the attitude that we can call “public intelectualism” and its opportunities and limitations. According to a well-known concept of Jürgen Habermas, the position of public intellectuals is con­ditioned by the forms of human interests related to knowledge. However, today the forms of knowl­edge work, practical and emancipatory need to be rethought, as Pierre Bordieu has shown. Dif­ferent forms of human interests can be combined in one scientific venture. Futhermore, there is no way to achive the full autonomy of the academic field from the metafield of power and other social fields because of the internal conditions of the academic world. The recognition of these internal properties is the prerequisite of “public intellectualism.” According to the conceptual view of cur­riculum studies, some of these conditions belong to the so-called explicit curriculum, but the others create a hidden curriculum — the uconscious components of habitus or unarticulated circumstances of the academic form of life. The argument presented in this article is inspired by two sources: firstly by the very important biographical episode in the academic life of Bourdieu who at the end of his career became strongly involved in public criticism of neoliberalism. Secondly, I refer to several public statements of Polish intellectuals who criticised the neoliberalisation of the academy in the context of the present reforms of the public higher education and science. As I try to show, ignor­ing the hidden curriculum may lead to a specific and risky attitude — agoraphobia — which means the fear of involvement in the public sphere and helplesness in the defence of critical research and emancipatory forms of academic knowledge.

The primary responsibility of school supervisors in general is to supervise in the managerial and academic fields. The role of school administrators is critical in overcoming problems, particularly in increasing teacher professionalism and adapting to technological advances and changing times. Teacher professionalism refers to the necessary competencies, which include pedagogic competence, personal competence, professional competence, and social competence. In today's globalized world, school administrators are faced with roles that require more skills in terms of school construction. The following are the goals of this study: Describe the supervisory role of teacher professionalism at the Ananda Pante Raya Integrated Islamic Kindergarten in the Wih Pesam sub-district of the Bener Meriah district. 2) Describe how IHT was implemented at Ananda Integrated Islamic Kindergarten in the Wih Pesam. This is a qualitative study that takes a descriptive approach and employs case study analysis. The findings of the study are as follows: 1). School supervisors are capable of carrying out their roles effectively in Ananda Integrated Islamic Kindergarten, which includes the role of school supervisors as trainers, coaches, mentors, innovators, motivators, facilitators, and motivators. As the supervisor of the Ananda Integrated Islamic Kindergarten, he has been able to invest in improving teacher professionalism as a resource, coworker, and relation. 2) The Ananda Integrated Islamic Kindergarten's in-house training activities have an effect on changes in good character, changes in the social field, personal changes, pedagogical changes, and changes in professional competence. This in-house training activity was developed through discussions with school supervisors, principals, and teachers.

This study aimed to identify the reasons for the reluctance of students of the Faculty of Physical Education at the University of Bahrain to practice arbitration in sports competitions in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The researcher used the descriptive approach in its survey form and chose the study sample in a random way. The study sample consisted of (144) male and female students from the College of Physical Education. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool, as the questionnaire included four axes regarding the reasons for abstinence (psychological, social, economic, and academic). The results showed that the most severe reasons for the reluctance of the College of Physical Education at the University of Bahrain to practice sports arbitration were represented in the axis. The psychological field ranked first, then the economic field, then the academic field, and finally came the social field and all were with a medium degree. There were statistically significant differences (α ≤ 0.05) due to the effect of gender in all axes except for the psychological field, and the differences came in favor of males. The study recommended: Working on holding lectures, seminars, and courses to guide male and female students and encouraging them towards refereeing sports tournaments and competitions. As well as working to form a joint internal committee between the College of Physical Education, University of Bahrain and the sports federations to benefit from and develop new referees. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أسباب عزوف طلبة كلية التربية الرياضية بجامعة البحرين عن ممارسة التحكيم في المسابقات الرياضية في مملكة البحرين. واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي بصورته المسحية، واختار عينة الدراسة بالطريقة العشوائية وتألفت عينة الدراسة من (144) طالباً وطالبة من كلية التربية الرياضية، واستخدم الاستبيان كأداة لجمع البيانات حيث تضمن الاستبيان بالنسبة لأسباب العزوف أربعة محاور هي (النفسي، الاجتماعي، الاقتصادي، الأكاديمي). وقد أسفرت نتائج الدراسة عن الآتي: أن أكثر الأسباب حدة لعزوف كلية التربية الرياضية بجامعة البحرين عن ممارسة تحكيم المسابقات الرياضية في المرتبة الأولى المجال النفسي، ثم المجال الاقتصادي، ثم المجال الأكاديمي، ثم المجال الاجتماعي، حيث كانت جميع المجالات بدرجة متوسطة، وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية (0.05 ≥α) تعزى لأثر النوع الاجتماعي في جميع المحاور باستثناء المجال النفسي، وجاءت الفروق لصالح الذكور، وأوصت الدراسة على العمل على إقامة المحاضرات والندوات والدورات لتوجيه الطلبة وتشجيعهم نحو تحكيم البطولات والمسابقات الرياضية، العمل على تشكيل لجنة داخلية مشتركة بين كلية التربية الرياضية جامعة البحرين واتحادات الألعاب الرياضية للاستفادة من الحكام المستجدين وتطويرهم.

Students with learning disabilities face different problems while studying English language. This group of students have special features that are different from their regular peers. Therefore, there is a need to identify these challenges and problems to help educators deal with this issue. This study aimed at identifying and evaluating the problems facing English language students with learning disabilities from their teachers ’point of view in Bani Ubaid district in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The study population consisted of all (170) English language teachers. The sample was chosen randomly at a rate of (50 %) of the teachers, and their number was (85). The study used the survey approach and developed a questionnaire consisting of (30) paragraphs distributed into (3) areas: the academic field, the administrative field, and the social field. The results of the study showed that the problems facing English language students with learning disabilities from the teachers' point of view were arranged according to the different fields of importance as follows: social, health, and administrative.

The way as society treats the animals may interfere in the success of the proposals for new ethical conducts and has the potential to in!uence the legislative and executive branches, as well as economy. Even in a particular place, such as the university environment, di"erent perceptions on the conduct regarding animal use can be found. This can be related to abilities and competences developed during the academic formation or training. Assuming that the ethical perception in animal use in educational and scienti#c activities are related to knowledge fields, this study aimed to interview students and teachers of a private university considering the biological, social, technical, legal and human fields. The survey was conducted at 17 courses with 87 interviews, through a questionnaire with 16 both open and closed questions, related to the ethics in using animals for teaching and research purposes, as well as knowledge about the animals; about alternatives; and about companies that test their products on animals. The respondents gave positive answers about their feelings towards the animals, but they still show the inheritance of Mechanistic view, once they use the rationality as a mean of di"erentiating Human being from the other animals. Our results indicate the obvious acceptance of the animal use for educational purposes, mainly mammals and rats, for the Veterinary Medicine and Biology courses. The majority of the respondents considered the animal use in scientific research and experimentation fundamental, mainly for medicine production and other therapies related to human health. On the other hand, they did not show to have information about experimentation, once they did not show knowledge about alternative methods. These results confirm the traditional view that the benefits for scientific development justify the costs with animal welfare and the acceptance of practices that do not cause unnecessary su"ering. The data of this study pointed out few differences among academic fields. This finding suggests that ethical attitudes toward animal use in academic and scienti#c areas are beyond the carrier a$nity. These results indicate that there is few worry with information and awareness, which are essentials for changes in attitude.

This study was conducted to investigate the implications of the experience of integration for children with special needs. The study was conducted using the qualitative research method of phenomenology. The study group comprised integration students with specific learning disability, currently attending primary and secondary school in Ankara. A semi-structured interview form was used within the scope of the research. The interviews, which were turned into written documents, were coded in the MaxQDA program in three stages as open coding, axis coding and selective coding, respectively. Then, four main themes were formed: communication, social environment, academic field and peer bullying. Being a student of mainstreaming is a “obstacle” that disrupts communication in the communication field; it means "rejection" in the social environment field and "being different" in the academic field. When all the results are evaluated together, it can be said that being a mainstreaming student means "not belonging".