Abstract

Thyroid cancer is the most common pediatric endocrine neoplasm representing 3% of all malignancies in children. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is also a common disorder in the pediatric age range. Patients with HT frequently develop enlarged thyroid with nodules. We aimed to provide a literature review on the frequency of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in patients with HT. A literature search of the PubMed database between 2000 and 2020 was performed, using the relevant keywords "papillary thyroid carcinoma," "Hashimoto's thyroiditis" and "children". We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines during the preparation of this review. Six studies (n=2,065 patients with HT) were retained for the final analysis. The follow-up of the patients with HT was from 2 to 10 years. PTC was diagnosed in 0.67-7.87% of the HT patients included in these studies. In patients with HT and nodules, the percentage of PTC varied between 5.13 and 35%. The overall occurrence of PTC in patients with HT was 3.07%. The number of patients developing thyroid nodules in relation to HT was increased. The development of PTC in children with HT appeared to be higher than in the normal population.

Highlights

  • IntroductionThyroid cancer is an uncommon cancer in childhood

  • Background and aimsThyroid cancer is an uncommon cancer in childhood

  • Fewer than one in 100,000 children develop thyroid cancer each year. It can occur at any age, childhood thyroid cancer is most common in the teenage years, and it is the second most common cancer among adolescents ages 15–19 [1]

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Summary

Introduction

Thyroid cancer is an uncommon cancer in childhood. Fewer than one in 100,000 children develop thyroid cancer each year. It can occur at any age, childhood thyroid cancer is most common in the teenage years, and it is the second most common cancer among adolescents ages 15–19 [1]. Thyroid cancer is the most common pediatric endocrine neoplasm representing 3% of all malignancies in children. Its prevalence is rising by 4.43% per year in the United States as was reported by Bernier et al [2]. Its incidence rates have progressively increased over the past 30 years [3–5], thyroid cancer remains rare in children and adolescents compared to adults. 2% of the approximately 60,000 cases annually diagnosed in the USA regard subjects younger than 19 years of age [6]

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