Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignancies which is predominantly seen in men and at advanced age (40-85 years) and has an aggressive course. Its frequency is gradually increasing over the past years. It accounts for 2% of all cancers and 5% of cancer-related deaths. Pancreatic cancer takes the first place among asymptomatic cancers. Ninety percent of cases are adenocarcinomas. Ten percent of the patients have a familial disposition. The disease is very difficult to detect as it has no early signs and spreads rapidly to surrounding organs is one of the most deadly types of cancer. Pancreatic cancer may result from hereditary germline or somatic acquired mutations in cancer-related genes and mutations also cause cancer progression and metastasis.
Highlights
Pancreas is an important retroperitoneal organ with exocrine and endocrine functions
Pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignancies which is predominantly seen in men and at advanced age (40-85 years) and has an aggressive course
Pancreatic cancer takes the first place among asymptomatic cancers
Summary
Pancreas is an important retroperitoneal organ with exocrine and endocrine functions. Several germline genetic mutations are involved in pancreatic cancer development (Table 2). Precursor conditions There are some precursor diseases to pancreatic cancer These include 1) Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN) 2) Intraductal papillary neoplasm (IPMN) 3) Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN). PanIN is associated with mutations, its prevalence increases with age and is usually located at the head of the pancreas. It is associated with invasive carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis, and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is useful in diagnosis. The intestinal type is the most common one It is usually seen at the head of the pancreas, around the ampulla of Vater, at the inlet of the pancreatic duct. Gallbladder will be palpable as vesicle hydrops (Courvoisier-Terrier findings) if the bile ducts are constricted by the tumor
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