Palladium supported over carbon nanotubes catalytic system for green diesel production

Sustainable and carbon-neutral green diesel synthesis with thermochemical and electrochemical approach: Techno-economic and environmental assessments

Green diesel, obtained from renewable and sustainable feedstocks, offers a feasible substitute for fossil fuels while ensuring energy security and environmental sustainability. A comprehensive review on various feedstocks – vegetable oils, animal fats, algae, and non-edible oils-explains their advantages, limitations, and impact on fuel quality. The article examines catalytic systems in green diesel production, focusing on hydrotreatment, transesterification, and pyrolysis as key processes for converting feedstocks into high-quality fuels. The role of metal-based catalysts, including catalysts supported by biochar, in enhancing efficiency, yield, purity, and performance is critically analyzed. Furthermore, the study explores factors influencing production, such as feedstock characteristics, reaction conditions, and catalyst optimization, which directly impact yield, properties, and environmental benefits. Green diesel significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions, lowers carbon footprints, and promotes a circular economy. The novelty of this review lies in its integrated focus on third-generation feedstocks and advanced catalytic systems, emphasizing their synergistic role in green diesel production. This study highlights green diesel’s potential as a sustainable, high-performance fuel, offering valuable insights into its role in the global transition to renewable energy and cleaner fuels.

The Government of Indonesia is trying to reduce crude oil and oil fuel imports in order to minimize the balance of trade deficit through increasing utilization of biofuel. One of the options is to increase palm oil production to be processed into biofuel which can be utilized domestically. Crude palm oil (CPO) production is expected to continue to increase and is prospective to be used as a feedstock for making green gasoline and green diesel. Green gasoline production through catalytic cracking process while producing green diesel through hydrotreating process. The development of green fuel (green gasoline and green diesel) is technically possible and prospective. Production of green gasoline and green diesel by 2020 will be able to reduce import of gasoline and diesel oil by 8.9% and 31.8% respectively. Green fuel is only effective in reducing the import value of gasoline and diesel in the period 2025-2040 because there are constraints on the availability of CPO. Production of green diesel and green gasoline can reduce fuel imports so that it indirectly increases energy security. The development of the green diesel and green gasoline industry requires a clear and gradual grand strategy from the government so that feedstock needs will not interfere with food needs.

Green production and trade in the global-local system: Taking China as an example

Green production is implemented to save energy, reduce energy consumption, and decrease pollution levels. Green production is associated with preventing pollution and can be used to further extend manufacturer responsibility to products and the environment, thereby achieving the goals of ecological benefits and sustainable development. Green production is a crucial part of corporate social responsibility; thus, enterprises pursuing sustainable development should determine how green production and social responsibility can be integrated with their core operation strategies. This study developed green production–based assessment indicators to establish a green production assessment framework. In addition, the decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory and analytical network process were used to create a decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory–based analytical network process model. We employed the decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory–based analytical network process to calculate the level of influence and causality between the indicators and subsequently determine the weight of the indicators. Finally, the indicators were used to establish a comprehensive assessment system for green production. The green production criteria system established in this study is both a theoretical contribution and has wide practical applications.

Process simulation and techno-economic analysis of bio-jet fuel and green diesel production — Minimum selling prices

Optimal advertising and pricing for new green products in the circular economy

Transition to a new energy low carbon pool requires the gradual replacing of fossil fuels with other cleaner energies and biofuels. In this work, the environmental impact of renewable diesel production using an attributional life cycle assessment was evaluated by considering five stages: palm plantation-culture-harvest, palm oil extraction, palm oil refining, green (renewable) diesel production, and biofuel use. The functional unit was established as 1.6 × 10−2 m3(13.13 kg) of renewable diesel. The results show that the production of renewable diesel by Hydro-processed Esters and Fatty Acids is more environmentally friendly than fossil diesel production. In particular, the analysis showed that the CO2emission decreases around 110% (i.e. mitigation occurred) compared with conventional diesel production. However, renewable diesel production has a relevant environmental impact in the human toxicity category due to the high consumption of agrochemicals during palm culture.

Pricing, market coverage and capacity: Can green and brown products co-exist?

Review of green diesel production from fatty acid deoxygenation over Ni-based catalysts

Life cycle assessment of green diesel production from microalgae

The depletion of fossil fuels and their environmental impact necessitate sustainable alternatives. Green diesel, a biofuel with a chemical structure similar to conventional diesel, has gained traction as a viable alternative. This study explores the development of a cost-effective catalyst for green diesel production using deoxygenation. Deoxygenation refers to a broad class of chemical reactions where oxygen atoms are stripped from a molecule. This research employed abundant Indonesian natural zeolite (NZ) as a catalyst support, impregnated with non-noble metals, nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu). The investigation revealed that the NiCu/NZ catalyst achieved the highest oleic acid conversion (90.40%) and green diesel yield. The product distribution, ranging from C15 to C18 hydrocarbons, reflects the moderate acidity of the catalyst, promoting diverse cracking patterns compared to highly acidic catalysts. Additionally, the high specific surface area of NZ facilitates the conversion and good product distribution. Furthermore, the optimization process demonstrated that increasing hydrogen pressure during deoxygenation enhances both conversion rate and green diesel production.

Green diesel production via catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil (WCO) over metal doped eggshell catalyst was investigated in this work. The catalyst was prepared through liquid-liquid precipitation of 5 transition metal solutions and ground eggshell (ES) as the catalyst support. The prepared catalyst, Fe-ES, Cu-ES, Co-ES, Zn-ES, and Ni-ES were characterized using BET surface area and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. BET surface area data and SEM images of the catalyst shows a promising catalyst physical properties that tailor to the deoxygenation reaction. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to determine the hydrocarbon composition of the oil yield product from the reaction. The reaction also produces gas, soap and liquid acid phase while the remaining unreacted WCO becomes coke. The percentage of all products and coke were calculated using mass balance. Deoxygenation of WCO with Ni-ES catalyst produced highest oil yield at 61.6% with the hydrocarbon content of 56.11%. Ni-ES also produced 22.9% coke; the least percentage compared to other catalyst. The findings proved that Ni-ES catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of WCO into gas and liquid product with a greater yield of oil and minimal coke formation. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of using eggshell catalysts as substitutes for commercial catalysts in green diesel production.

In this study, three scales of a biofuel‐driven biorefinery were evaluated in techno‐economic, environmental and geospatial terms for green diesel production from macauba oil. The results show that the relative capital expenditure on the small scale is four times higher than that on the large scale, being significantly affected by the hydrogen facilities. However, coproducts, tax deductions for family farming and carbon credits can sustain the small‐scale production of green diesel. The carbon footprint of the green diesel is lower than that of commercial biofuels. Finally, the geospatial analysis applied in Brazil reveals that macauba cultivation with low land‐use impact can be implemented near small‐scale biorefineries for local consumer markets. Therefore, the feasibility of the small scale depends on coproducts, public policies, decentralized hydrogen production and catalysts for low‐hydrogen demand routes. This biorefinery concept can decentralize the biofuel sector and make use of several types of biomasses besides macauba, generating socio‐economic and environmental gains. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Traditional green diesel production from used cooking oils faces challenges in H2 supply and carbon loss as CO2. This study presents a novel hydrogen-free deoxygenation process via cross-metathesis between fatty acids/FAMEs and bio-ethylene under atmospheric pressure as an alternative sustainable solution. The carboxyl end group was removed as CO and blue hydrogen, bearing the hydrocarbons as green diesel, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and bio-naphtha. Bifunctional WO3/SiO2 was prepared and characterized by XRD, XANES, EXAFS, DR-UV, and Raman. Lewis site (W = O) promotes the formation of ketene intermediate that undergoes cross-metathesis with ethylene over tungsten carbene (WCH2) sites, yielding a C16-ene majority with trace amounts of C17-ene. Smaller hydrocarbons (<C15) are obtained as minor components from decarbonylation, hydrogen transfer, and cracking. The increased contact time (27-106g h/mol) at 460°C results in increased conversion (30%-87 %), green diesel (12%-57%), SAF (3.5%-12.7%), and bio-naphtha (1.3%-5.3%). Optimal green diesel production of 2.92 h⁻¹ with 73% selectivity can be achieved at 480°C. SAF and bio-naphtha yields can be tuned by varying temperature from 460 to 500°C. This provides a sustainable pathway for renewable liquid fuels without an external hydrogen supply.