Abstract
The electrodeposition of palladium from an ammonia-free electrolyte with both direct current and pulse current is discussed. The polarization experiments show that the electrode reactions include oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution and palladium deposition. The oxygen reduction is always mass transfer-controlled. Deposits obtained with current densities higher than the limiting one are powdery. The current efficiency also drops under these conditions. The variation of the electrode potential during current pulses reveals that hydrogen desorption occurs during pulse-off periods. This hydrogen desorption refreshes the electrode surface and facilitates hydrogen reduction in the next pulse. It explains the severe drop in current efficiency in pulse plating with long pulse-off times. This explanation is also supported by the morphology observations.
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