Palinspastic restoration of an exhumed deepwater system: A workflow to improve paleogeographic reconstructions

Abstract

The Permian Laingsburg depocenter, Karoo Basin, South Africa, is the focus of sedimentological and stratigraphic research as an exhumed analog for offshore hydrocarbon reservoirs in deepwater basins. Thin-skinned thrust tectonics during the Permo-Triassic Cape Orogeny result in postdepositional deformation of the Permian basin fill. Regional-scale cross sections reveal two structural domains: a southern domain in the Laingsburg depocenter comprising 8–11-km wavelength north-verging fault-propagation folding, driven by buried low-angle ([Formula: see text]) reverse faults that coalesce at depth as part of a megadetachment below the Lower Paleozoic Cape Supergroup; and a northern domain to the north of the Laingsburg depocenter of short-wavelength, low-amplitude, asymmetrical folding facilitated by a detachment within the Permian Ecca Group. Five detailed structural cross sections permit the palinspastic restoration, and a calculation of the amount of shortening, across a [Formula: see text] area in the Laingsburg depocenter. Average shortening across the study area is −16.9% (5.8 km), and it decreases south to north. Shortening estimates from the Upper Ecca Group increase from 4.3 km near Matjiesfontein in the west to 10.4 km near Prince Albert in the east. Three-dimensional restorations of stratigraphic surfaces are consistent with these figures (−17%), and they allow paleogeographic and isopach thickness maps to be resorted to their configuration at the time of deposition. Structural restoration can be routinely used in outcrop studies to improve the accuracy of dimensions (e.g., volumetrics) and reconstructions (e.g., sediment dispersal patterns) derived from ancient sedimentary systems. The workflow presented here will add value to exhumed basin analogs by presenting prekinematic configurations at the frontal margins of fold-thrust belts.