Abstract
:Background:Pain in trauma has a role similar to the double-edged sword. On the one hand, pain is a good indicator to determine the severity and type of injury. On the other hand, pain can induce sever complications and it may lead to further deterioration of the patient. Therefore, knowing how to manage pain in trauma patients is an important part of systemic approach in trauma. The aim of this manuscript is to provide information about pain management in trauma in the Emergency Room settings.Methods:In this review we searched among electronic and manual documents covering a 15-yr period between 2000 and 2016. Our electronic search included Pub Med, Google scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. We looked for articles in English and in peer-reviewed journals using the following keywords: acute pain management, trauma, emergency room and injury. Results:More than 3200 documents were identified. After screening based on the study inclusion criteria, 560 studies that had direct linkage to the study aim were considered for evaluation based World Health Organization (WHO) pain ladder chart. Conclusions:To provide adequate pain management in trauma patients require: adequate assessment of age-specific pharmacologic pain management; identification of adequate analgesic to relieve moderate to severe pain; cognizance of serious adverse effects of pain medications and weighting medications against their benefits, and regularly reassessing patients and reevaluating their pain management regimen. Patient-centered trauma care will also require having knowledge of barriers to pain management and discussing them with the patient and his/her family to identify solutions.
Highlights
A ccording to World Health Organization (WHO) injury is the leading cause of death among men and women age 15 to 44 years and will be the third leading cause of death and disability in all ages in2020.1 Road traffic crash (RTC) is one of the main causes of injury responsible for approximately 50 million injuries, per year, worldwide.[2]Complaint of pain is one of the most prevalent condition among trauma patients in the emergency room settings
To provide adequate pain management in trauma patients require: adequate assessment of age-specific pharmacologic pain management; identification of adequate analgesic to relieve moderate to severe pain; cognizance of serious adverse effects of pain medications and weighting medications against their benefits, and regularly reassessing patients and reevaluating their pain management regimen
The specific aim of this review study is: 1) to describe pain treatment and management modalities in trauma injury, emphasizing on pharmacologic interventions, invasive and noninvasive pain management techniques and; 2) to introduce selective approaches based on the carefully assessment of nature and extent of injuries provides optimum analgesia with a minimum of adverse effects
Summary
Complaint of pain is one of the most prevalent condition among trauma patients in the emergency room settings. Trauma Injury Acute Pain knowing how to manage pain in trauma patients is an important part of systemic approach in trauma. The aim of this manuscript is to provide information about pain management in trauma in the Emergency Room settings. We looked for articles in English and in peer-reviewed journals using the following keywords: acute pain management, trauma, emergency room and injury
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