Padecimiento de situaciones de violencia temprana y sus implicaciones en la vida adulta. Un análisis entre mujeres en situación de sinhogarismo en diferentes contextos culturales y socioeconómicos.

Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. The current study extends the research linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to suicidal behaviors by testing these associations using a nationally representative sample, assessing for suicide ideation and attempts in adulthood, controlling for established risk factors for suicidality, and measuring a broad array of ACEs. The sample included 9,421 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health who participated in four waves of assessments spanning 13years. We examined longitudinal associations between eight different ACEs (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, neglect, parental death, incarceration, alcoholism, and family suicidality) with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adulthood, while controlling for depression, problem alcohol use, drug use, delinquency, impulsivity, gender, race, age, and urbanicity. We also tested for cumulative associations of ACEs with suicide ideation and attempts. Logistic regression analyses indicated that physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, parental incarceration, and family history of suicidality each increased the risk by 1.4 to 2.7 times for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adulthood. The accumulation of ACEs increased the odds of suicide ideation and attempts. Compared with those with no ACEs, the odds of seriously considering suicide or attempting suicide in adulthood increased more than threefold among those with three or more ACEs. Intervention strategies need to prevent ACEs from occurring and, if they do occur, should take into account the impact of cumulative ACEs on suicide risk. Future research should focus on identifying mediating mechanisms for the ACEs-suicidality association using longitudinal research designs and determine which ACEs are most important to include in a cumulative ACE measure.

Somatization disorders belong to a category of psychiatric conditions in which psychological distress and impairment are manifested as physical symptoms. Affected patients tend to utilize specialist healthcare services more frequently and have more emergency visits than those without somatization. From a gynecological perspective, it is of relevance to investigate whether any specific somatic symptoms are linked to previous experience of physical, psychological, or sexual violence. The study aimed to explore whether any specific symptoms could be associated with level of somatization among women consulting a gynecologist; whether experience of physical, psychological, or sexual violence could be associated with level of somatization; and whether experience of violence is associated with self-rated state of health. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at three gynecological clinics in western Sweden between February and May 2024. A project-specific questionnaire was distributed to women who consulted the clinic and completed in the waiting room. The survey consisted of 13 items, including sociodemographic variables, reasons for the current gynecological consultation, self-rated health, history of physical, psychological or sexual violence, discomfort during gynecological examination, and somatic symptom severity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and multivariable linear regression analyses. Of 2000 questionnaires distributed, 1766 were completed (response rate 88.3%). Among participants, 21.8% reported experience of sexual violence, 16.8% psychological violence, and 13.6% physical violence. Among those reporting any form of violence (n = 653), overlap was common: 236/653 (36.1%) had experienced only sexual violence, while 191/653 (29.2%) had experienced all three types. Somatic symptom severity was significantly associated with both sexual and psychological violence, but not physical violence. Clinical predictors of somatization included abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, and multiple symptoms including pain. High somatic symptom severity was strongly associated with worse self-rated health. Somatic symptoms and specific consultation reasons, but not violence experiences, were significantly associated with self-rated health. Somatization is common among women seeking gynecological care and is associated with a history of sexual and psychological violence. The findings underscore the importance of assessing underlying symptom patterns and the value of trauma-informed assessment to optimize patient management.

Childhood sport participation is associated with physical, social, and mental health benefits, which are more likely to be realized if the sport environment is safe. However, our understanding of children's experience of psychological, physical, and sexual violence in community sport in Australia is limited. The aims of this study were to provide preliminary evidence on the extent of experiences of violence during childhood participation in Australian community sport and to identify common perpetrators of and risk factors for violence. The Violence Towards Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ) was administered online to a convenience sample of Australian adults (>18 years), retrospectively reporting experiences of violence during childhood community sport. Frequencies of experience of violence were calculated and Chi-square tests were conducted to determine differences between genders. In total, there were 886 respondents included in the analysis. Most survey respondents were women (63%) and about a third were men (35%). About 82% of respondents experienced violence in sport as a child. Psychological violence was most prevalent (76%), followed by physical (66%) and sexual (38%) violence. Peers perpetrated the highest rates of psychological violence (69%), and the rates of physical and psychological violence by coaches (both >50%) were also high. Age, sexual orientation, disability, and hours of weekly sport participation as a child were all associated with childhood experience of violence in sport. The rates of interpersonal violence against children in sport were high. This novel data on perpetrators of the violence and the risk factors for experiencing violence provides further context to inform safeguarding strategies in sport. A national prevalence study is recommended to advance our understanding of the childhood experiences of violence in Australian sport.

Why Won’t It Stop: Workplace Violence in Emergency Care

Experiences of violence may have considerable psychosocial and health implications. A violence screening tool was implemented in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) to depict the perpetrators' and victims' point of view. The study participants were between 18 and 64 years old (n = 5939). The aim of this article is to assess the percentage of people who experienced physical and psychological violence in the last 12 months or who suffered negative effects on their quality of life as a consequence or who were perpetrators of multiple acts of violence. The characteristics of victims, offenders, and their conflict partners are described. Furthermore, specific constellations of violence experience with regard to health-related quality of life are described. Finally, the association between being a victim of violence and different factors is estimated. In total, 2.7% of women and 4.3% of men reported multiple experiences of physical violence in the last 12 months or having their lives negatively impacted as a consequence of violence. Experience of psychological violence was reported by 18.9% of women and 15.4% of men. Women are more likely than men to be both perpetrator and victim within the family. Men are more likely than women to be both the perpetrator and victim outside of the family environment. Regardless of whether they are the victim or perpetrator of violence, the psychological well-being is significantly worse than those of people who did not experience violence. Experience of violence in childhood and adolescence increases the risk of becoming victim or perpetrator of violence later on in life. The findings presented here describe the psychological and physical experience of violence as one part of violence committed in the whole population. Some prevention advice is also presented.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal thoughts, tendencies and suicide attempts in young people. An attempt was also made to identify factors which, according to those young people, contributed to their suicide attempts. The study involved 5,685 individuals aged 13-19 years. The participants were surveyed using an inquiry form designed by the study authors. Suicidal behaviour in adolescents correlates with the female gender, intake of psychoactive substances, running away from home, being raised in a single-parent family, addiction of family members to alcohol, and experiences of violence. 1) Suicidal ideation was reported by 24.66%, suicidal plans - by 15.55%, and suicide attempts - by 4.37% of the adolescents studied. 2) Girls were significantly more likely to attempt suicide out of a sense of helplessness, loneliness, rejection and guilt, as well as conflicts with parents and peers. Boys were significantly more likely than girls to attempt suicide as a result of pressure from peers or cyber acquaintances. 3) Suicide attempts were significantly more common among girls than boys between the ages of 13-19, and significantly more common among young people living in urban areas than those living in the countryside. 4) Significantly more young people who reported suicidal thoughts and plans and suicide attempts than those not reporting such experiences were raised in single-parent families. 5) Compared with non-suicidal controls, young people who admitted to having suicidal thoughts and plans and to having attempted suicide, were significantly more likely to report alcohol abuse by parents and experiences of psychological and physical violence from family members.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is an understudied health problem among young gay, bisexual, and other non-identified young men who have sex with men (YMSM). According to cross-sectional studies, IPV is associated with psychosocial and mental health problems, such as stigma and depression, among YMSM. IPV is also associated with health-risk behaviors, such as substance use, among this population. Yet, to date, no studies have used longitudinal data to examine determinants of IPV among YMSM. This gap in the extant literature is problematic, as it limits our understanding of how to intervene to interrupt cycles of violence. The aim of the present study was to examine longitudinal determinants of IPV among a sample of (N = 526) YMSM living in the New York City area. Longitudinal analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to examine individual, relationship, mental health, psychosocial, and substance use factors in relation to IPV victimization and perpetration. Most notably, early experiences of IPV were a robust predictor of later experiences of IPV victimization and perpetration. Relationship status, depression, public gay-related stigma, and illicit substance use were associated with IPV victimization over time. Similarly, relationship status, depression, public gay-related stigma, marijuana, and other illicit substance were associated with IPV perpetration. These findings suggest that prevention programs and awareness campaigns should aim to reach YMSM before their first experiences of relationship violence, as these early experiences of violence are strongly linked to later experiences of violence. Also, IPV interventions should be tailored to the needs of YMSM and should target depressive symptoms, gay-related stigma, and substance use behaviors. Additionally, substance use interventions may be improved by addressing IPV. Finally, policymakers should support policies that improve the social climate for LGBTQ people, thereby reducing gay-related stigma, and potentially stemming violence against and among YMSM.

Violence against women associated with arrests for sex trade but not drug charges

Replicated Prediction of Men's Suicide Attempt History from Parent Reports in Late Childhood

Introduction: There are media reports that the lockdown measure against the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the incidence of GBV in the home, but empirical evidence is lacking. This study assessed adolescents' experiences of gender-based violence during the COVID-19 lockdown and the parental factors associated with the experience of gender-based violence among adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown using Ibadan, Nigeria as a case study. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study, 520 in-school adolescents were selected by multistage sampling and interviewed on their sociodemographic characteristics, parental characteristics, and experiences of GBV during the COVID-19 lockdown. Chi-square statistics were used to collect and analyze data. Results: There were 266 females and 254 males, aged 15.28±1.40years (females) and 15.64±1.53 years (males), and lived with both parents (n=70.6%). Respondent's parents (about 79%) are currently married and living together. There is an association between the experience of violence during the lockdown and adolescent fathers' occupations (x^2= 11.88, p=0.008). Previous home exposure to inter-parental violence was associated with adolescent's experience of physical violence (x^2 = 10.43, P= 0.001), psychological violence (x^2=16.35, p=< 0.001), and financial violence (x^2= 14.51, p=< 0.001) during the pandemic. Conclusion: The study's findings suggested that parental factors such as inter-parental violence and the father's occupation were drivers of adolescents' experiences of gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Furthermore, measures are recommended to reduce parental and inter-parental violence in the home.

To explore the psychological distress associations of experiences of several types of violence and the victim-perpetrator relationship of physical violence, a gender analysis was applied. Data were derived from a cross-sectional questionnaire study among 17-year-old upper secondary school students (N=1,663). Variables in focus were: self-reported psychological distress, experiences of physical violence, sexual assault, bullying and sexual harassment. Logistic regressions were used to examine associations. Experiences of physical violence, sexual assault, bullying and sexual harassment were associated with psychological distress in boys and girls. The perpetrators of physical violence were predominately males. Whether the perpetrator was unknown or known to the victim seem to be linked to psychological distress. Victimisation by a boyfriend was strongly related to psychological distress among girls. Experiences of several types of violence should be highlighted as factors associated with mental health problems in adolescents. The victim-perpetrator relationships of violence are gendered and likely influence the psychological distress association. Gendered hierarchies and norms likely influence the extent to which adolescents experience violence and how they respond to it in terms of psychological distress.

Existing quantitative studies of violence victimization in Brazil often examine individual demographic and socioeconomic risk factors, limiting insight into how identities can intersect to co-produce vulnerability or resilience. This study uses a nationally representative household survey to investigate how demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors intersect to shape the probability of experiencing psychological, physical, and sexual violence among Brazilian adults. Data from the 2019 Brazil National Health Survey was used to created indicators of 12-month experience of three types of interpersonal violence (psychological, physical, and sexual), a measure of any violence and one indicating 2 or more types. Previous literature guided the development of 356 clusters of intersectional identities based on demographic, socioeconomic and other factors. Analyses used the intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) approach based on multilevel analyses of all 356 intersectional strata in addition to individual-level factors. Among Brazilian adults, 18.3% (totaling 27,535,272) reported experiencing interpersonal violence and 3.7% experienced more than one type in the past 12 months. Psychological violence (17.4%) was most frequently reported, followed by physical (4.6%) and sexual (0.8%) violence. MAIHDA models revealed that prevalence and risk varied widely across intersectional strata, but that younger age (< 30), being single, living in an urban area, and living with a long-term illness or disability were consistently found in the strata with highest predicted probability of victimization across all types of violence. Being female, being Black, having a college-level education, and being in the lowest wealth tertile were also commonly found in the highest ranked strata across forms of violence victimization. The overall variance attributable to intersectional (as opposed to individual) effects was between 9.3% and 13.0% across different forms of violence, suggesting that risk of experiencing (or reporting) interpersonal violence in this study accumulates largely in additive rather than multiplicative ways. This study found that experiences of psychological, physical, and sexual interpersonal violence were patterned by intersecting social and economic inequalities, with higher risk among women, younger adults, Black or Brown individuals, those who are single, urban residents, and people living with long-term health problems. MAIHDA analyses revealed that risk accumulated across overlapping social positions—particularly among young, single, urban Black women with chronic conditions—highlighting the need for violence prevention strategies that address structural drivers of gender, racial, and socioeconomic inequality. Not applicable.

Psychiatrists Call for Action After CDC Data Reveal Worsening of Youth Mental Health Crisis

Severe mental illness, substance use, and intimate partner violence have emerged as major intersecting public health problems that adversely and disproportionately impact the lives of women in the United States. This longitudinal study investigated the demographic and clinical correlates of intimate partner violence in a sample of 324 mothers with severe mental illness. A secondary analysis of longitudinal data was conducted by using multiple logistic regression. Participants were part of a longitudinal, community-based study of mothers with severe mental illness, which was aimed at understanding how these mothers viewed motherhood. The women were interviewed initially at baseline (interviews were conducted between 1995 and 1996) and then about 20 months later at follow-up (interviews were conducted between 1997 and 1998). At follow-up the prevalence rate of intimate partner violence was 19%. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed a significant positive relationship between alcohol and drug misuse at baseline and intimate partner violence at follow-up, indicating that women with a co-occurring diagnosis of a substance use disorder (dual diagnosis) were more likely than women without such a diagnosis to report intimate partner violence. The number of lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations and the number of symptoms related to psychiatric disability exhibited at baseline were positively associated with intimate partner violence at follow-up, and age was inversely associated with intimate partner violence. Mental health professionals serving mothers with mental health problems need to be aware of and prepared to assess the significant correlation between these intersecting public health problems in order to influence successful interventions. Particular attention must be given to the special treatment needs related to dual diagnosis and victimization and the impact of these factors on this vulnerable population.

A Longitudinal Investigation of Intimate Partner Violence Among Mothers With Mental Illness