Abstract
Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms were isolated in vitro experiment, and wheat crops were planted in pots for 5 months and treated with rock phosphate, manure and with combination treatments of rock phosphate, manure, and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms to compare with control treatment. The result shows that the solubilizing index ranged between 1.4 to 1.6 for isolated microorganisms, the decrease in soil pH which has an enormous influence on phosphate solubility were significantly influenced by the addition of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, and manure is 6.5 pH comparing with 8 pH for control. Soil soluble and extractable phosphorous also increased by a combination of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and manure recording 0.46±0.03 ppm and 10.7±1.01 ppm respectively comparing to 0.39±0.01 ppm and 0.75±0.11ppm for control after one month of the experiment, and this significance continued to 3 and 5 months after planting followed by the combination treatment of rock phosphate and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. Total phosphorous in both wheat shoot and root after 5 months of planting were increased significantly by the addition of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and manure to record 0.792±0.11% in shoot and 0.66±0.13% in roots and more than other treatments, however the translocation of phosphorous is harder than nitrogen from roots to shoots. The addition of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms enhanced the growth ratio of wheat up to 96±5 comparing to 40±3 for control.
Highlights
P is an essential and macronutrients just after nitrogen for plant growth and development
Manure alone has an excellent influence in alone don’t make a distinct differences in both rendering P available till five months due to its soluble and extractable P over control treatment as richness by essential nutrients and release of wide the release of these forms is quite difficult than its range of organic acids so significantly decreased liberation from organic manure that enhance the soil pH continuously till five months so the flourish of indigenous PSM more than rock P.The extractable P reached it high after 5 month (Krey et addition of PSM to rock P improved the solubility al. 2013)
Some cations movement in calcareous soil columns under effect of saline water mixed with humic acid
Summary
P is an essential and macronutrients just after nitrogen for plant growth and development. The productions of organic acids are the principle mechanism for mineral phosphate solubilization. The most accepted mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization is the action of organic acids produced by soil microorganism almost by fungi. It is generally accepted that the major mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization is the action of organic acids synthesized by soil microorganism (11). Because calcareous soils that contain huge amount of CaCO3 and distributed all over Kurdistan Region especially Duhok governorate and rendered phosphorous insoluble and wheat crops is cultivated wildly in a condition of rain feeding. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS Isolation and growth conditions of Psolubilizing microorganisms: phosphate solubilizing microorganisms strains were isolated from soil samples of Sumail district, Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan region. The selected fungal strains were re-streaked on the same medium (8, 32)
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