Abstract
In addition to important metabolic functions in the brain, GABA is a neurotransmitter of major significance, being released by up to 40% of neurons to activate chloride channels resulting generally in inhibition of neuronal firing. Its ubiquitous presence in the brain and spinal cord means that almost all neurons either release GABA, express GABA receptors, or are innervated by neurons that do. GABA mechanisms are thought to be involved in anesthesia, anxiety, epilepsy, memory, neurodegenerative disorders, schizophrenia, sleep, stress, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine function. Many agents act through GABA mechanisms including barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ethanol, flavonoids, general anesthetics, and neuroactive steroids.
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