P.150 SARS-CoV-2 causing septic shock in pregnancy

Abstract

Introduction: As we learn more about the paradigm of disease with SARS-CoV-2 infection, we are discovering severe multi- system involvement at an early stage, including sepsis and septic shock.[1]Beltran-Garcia J, Osca-Verdegal R, Pallardo FV, et al. Sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019: common features and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches. Crit Care Med 2020; 48:1841-4.Google Scholar Case Report: In March 2020, a normally fit 39-year-old Asian woman of 37 weeks’ gestation (G2P1) presented to the emergency department (ED) with a two-day history of fever, cough, dyspnoea, myalgia, headache and vomiting. She was pyrexial, tachypnoeaic and tachycardic, but normotensive, alert and orientated, with oxygen saturations of 99% on air. Blood tests showed a normal serum lactate, a lymphopenia of 0.2 × 109/L, WCC 6 × 109/L, CRP 34 mg/L and D-dimer of 609 ng/mL. Her urine contained ketones ++. A chest radiograph showed mild bi-basal infiltrates. Intravenous fluids and co- amoxiclav were commenced. The fetal heart rate in ED was normal. She was admitted with a persistent tachycardia and pyrexia. The next day she had a syncopal collapse with severe hypotension. She regained consciousness on correction of her blood pressure with a fluid bolus and peripheral vasopressors. The fetal heart rate remained normal. She proceeded to develop visual hallucinations, fluctuating confusion, drowsiness and hypotension with transient response to fluids. Intravenous ceftriaxone and acyclovir cover for meningitis was started on microbiology advice. We proceeded with an emergency caesarean section under general anaesthesia with peripheral vasopressor support and fluid resuscitation. A healthy baby was delivered, and postoperatively the woman was extubated successfully without an oxygen or vasopressor requirement. Overnight she again became hypotensive, tachycardic and drowsy. A non-contrast CT brain was normal and a CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) showed bilateral peripheral opacification and ground glass halo. Troponin T, BNP and a transthoracic echocardiogram were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid from a lumbar puncture showed only slightly raised glucose and her lymphocyte count remained low. On postoperative day 2 she developed a mild oxygen requirement. A repeat CTPA showed moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. Her PCR swab from admission was returned with a positive result for SARS-CoV-2. Blood cultures were all negative. The platelet count dropped from 102 to 88 × 109/L on day two. The diagnosis was confirmed as COVID-19 pneumonia with encephalopathy and thrombocytopenia secondary to sepsis. She made a complete recovery after three days on oxygen, and seven days in hospital. Discussion: Whilst the risk of severe COVID-19 in healthy young adults is low, pregnancy is associated with an increased relative risk of severe disease, including the need for ICU admission.[2]Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, et al. Clinical Manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 370: m3320Google Scholar Risk factors in pregnancy are high body mass index, chronic hypertension, pre-existing diabetes and age over 35 years.[2]Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, et al. Clinical Manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 370: m3320Google Scholar Awareness of sepsis with COVID-19 is crucial to ensure early presentation and appropriate escalation in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.