Abstract
This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Highlights
Conflict between groups of people can profoundly change their demographic, economic and cultural outlook
Intergroup conflict functioned as a critical change agent and selection pressure that may have shaped the biological preparedness for in-group oriented cooperation and self-sacrifice on the one hand, and out-group hostility and aggression on the other hand (Bar-Tal et al, 2007; Boyd and Richerson, 1982; Choi and Bowles, 2007; De Dreu et al, 2010; Macfarlan et al, 2014)
Recent work has showed that individuals are more strongly motivated to contribute to defend one’s own group than to attack outgroups and, importantly, that out-group attacks frequently fail because individual contributions to out-group attacks are poorly coordinated (De Dreu et al, 2016a)
Summary
Conflict between groups of people can profoundly change their demographic, economic and cultural outlook. Intergroup conflict functioned as a critical change agent and selection pressure that may have shaped the biological preparedness for in-group oriented cooperation and self-sacrifice on the one hand, and out-group hostility and aggression on the other hand (Bar-Tal et al, 2007; Boyd and Richerson, 1982; Choi and Bowles, 2007; De Dreu et al, 2010; Macfarlan et al, 2014). Out-group hostility and aggression serves to subordinate and exploit rivaling out-groups ( out-group attack), and/or to defend the in-group against such hostility from neighboring groups ( in-group defense) (De Dreu et al, 2016a; Halevy et al, 2008; Rusch, 2014a; Rusch, 2014b; Lopez, 2017; Wrangham, 2018).
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