Abstract
Objective To evaluate the relation between oxidative stress and lipid profile in patients with different types of cancer.Methods This was an observational cross-sectional. A total of 58 subjects were evaluated, 33 males, divided into two groups of 29 patients each: Group 1, patients with cancer of the digestive tract and accessory organs; Group 2 patients with other types of cancers, all admitted to a public hospital. The plasma levels (lipoproteins and total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, for example) were analyzed by enzymatic kits, and oxidative stress based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, by assessing the formation of malondialdehyde.Results In general the levels of malondialdehyde of patients were high (5.00μM) as compared to 3.31μM for healthy individuals. The median values of lipids exhibited normal triacylglycerol (138.78±89.88mg/dL), desirable total cholesterol values (163.04±172.38mg/dL), borderline high LDL (151.30±178.25mg/dL) and low HDL (31.70±22.74mg/dL). Median HDL levels in Group 1 were lower (31.32mg/dL) than the cancer patients in Group 2 (43.67mg/dL) (p=0.038). Group 1 also showed higher levels of oxidative stress (p=0.027).Conclusion The lipid profile of patients with cancer was not favorable, which seems to have contributed to higher lipid peroxidation rate, generating a significant oxidative stress.
Highlights
Cancer is the name given to a set of over one hundred diseases with a common feature: disorderly growth of cells that invade tissues and organs
This entire scenario contributes to the cachectic state very often encountered in cancer patients.[10]. As for lipid metabolism, inhibition of plasma lipoprotein lipase activity leads to hyperlipidemia.[11]. Increase of lipolysis associated with lowered lipogenesis; and increased turnover of glycerol, free fatty acids, and triacylglycerols are all metabolic changes induced by advanced tumors, and they may be related to an increase of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and to the release of lipolytic tumor factors. [11,12] Lipolytic activity can be mediated by the lipid mobilization factor (LMF).(10)
Among the patients we studied, there was a higher prevalence of stomach (22.4%), hematologic (19.0%), pancreatic and female genital organ cancer, and of esophageal, colon and prostate cancer
Summary
Cancer is the name given to a set of over one hundred diseases with a common feature: disorderly growth of cells that invade tissues and organs. As for carbohydrate metabolism, tumors show an excessive glucose consumption, causing glucose intolerance, with peripheral insulin resistance.[8,9] Protein catabolism is present, while most of the times there is a massive loss of musculoskeletal tissue in those patients. This event is related to a sulfated glycoprotein called proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF). Increase of lipolysis associated with lowered lipogenesis; and increased turnover of glycerol, free fatty acids, and triacylglycerols (which are depleted from the adipose tissue) are all metabolic changes induced by advanced tumors, and they may be related to an increase of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and to the release of lipolytic tumor factors. [11,12] Lipolytic activity can be mediated by the lipid mobilization factor (LMF).(10)
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