Oxidative pre-treatment in thiosulphate leaching of sulphide gold ores

Abstract

Abstract A diagnostic leaching showed that partial oxidation of the sulphide minerals in a gold ore was beneficial for thiosulphate leaching of gold. A pre-treatment process with oxidative ammoniacal solution enhanced the thiosulphate leaching of the sulphide ore, while the thiosulphate consumption was substantially reduced. The sulphide minerals partially decomposed in the pre-treatment process, exposing gold to the leach solution. Oxygen input by air bubbling and a longer contact time enhanced the oxidative ammonia pre-treatment process and hence accelerated subsequent thiosulphate leaching of the sulphide ore. Gold extraction in 0.8 M ammonia and 0.1 M thiosulphate solution after 24 h increased from 69% without pre-treatment to 81%, 84%, 90% and 94% respectively after 1, 3, 7 and 22 h pre-treatment. The consumption of sodium thiosulphate was 2.37 kg/t after 24 h leaching without pre-treatment, but was negligible after over 1 h oxidative ammonia pre-treatment. A counter-current leaching process was conducted in the leaching of the sulphide ore. The fresh leachant still gave higher leaching rates in contact with the pre-leached ore, while the pre-used leachant had significantly lower leaching kinetics and overall gold extraction in contact with the fresh ore. This 2-step counter-current leaching process proved that the leachant, other than the passivation, was the determinant factor causing the gold leaching rates to decrease after a certain time of leaching. The findings enable the thiosulphate leaching of high sulphide containing gold ores to be more efficient at lower thiosulphate consumption following the oxidative ammoniacal pre-treatment.